Political Civilization And Bottom Control In Qing Dynasty

This dissertation chooses to use political indoctrination as the basic point to study how Chinese ancient imperial power ruled the bottom of the society and to re-understand and discuss the changes and development of ancient Chinese politics.In this paper,political education as a mechanism to study,specifically,political indoctrination should belong to a political stability mechanism.The understanding of political indoctrination includes four meanings: the first is education,includes state-funded support for education,skills training for the people,moral training for the people,etc.The second is the influence,the ruler appeals to the people through moral inspiration and love;The third is decretal,by advocating laws and regulations,let people follow the rules;The fourth is the custom,good customs were conducive to political stability.Although political indoctrination is ideological control,it is embodied in concrete actions in practice,so the political sociology is chosen as the research theory.From the perspective of political socialization,this paper studies the interaction between state and society in ancient China.The interaction between the state and the masses form some kind of political emotion and political culture.The research methods of this paper are literature research method and structural functionalism research method.This paper focuses on historical changes through the above research methods,forming a schematic diagram of political enlightenment mechanism.Because of the limited length of the paper,it has been written in the Qing dynasty,but it also has a brief overview of how the political indoctrination has evolved in history.The political education system of Qing dynasty differs from that of other dynasties.Firstly,the political indoctrination of Qing dynasty relies on the political elites of the han nationality.In order to alleviate ethnic contradictions and increase political identity,the rulers of the Qing dynasty had to assimilate the political elites of the han nationality to make political indoctrination,so as to achieve the goal of " Han nationality is governed by han nationality.".Second,the point is the combination of political education and bureaucracy.In the Qing dynasty,the court paid more attention to officials' morality and work ability,and appointed officials more cautious,so as to consolidate the stability of the rule.Thirdly,the rulers in Qing dynasty attached importance to moral combination in law.The rulers of the Qing dynasty wanted to set up a tolerant image.At the same time,the early Qing dynasty's laws were relatively crude,so the punishment was mild at that time.The realization of political indoctrination is dependent on the political communication as a means for a wide range of ideological propaganda,through the propaganda of heaven holy build legitimacy and ruling legitimacy of the dynasty,the contents of political indoctrination set in public social activities of each link.And then by the process of the process of teaching the content of the message,to eliminate the harmful information,trying to influence the people's preferences and choices in civilised content.The means of spreading political education are mainly embodied by official propaganda,writing letters and local Chronicles.At the same time,the rulers of the qing dynasty attached great importance to the mastery of the situation of the bottom layer of education.As a part of local administration,local sacrifice in Qing dynasty carries important political education function.The official leading ceremony is not only a religious ceremony,but also a political ritual.It can restore political stability by restoring sacrifices.The official sacrificial offering is an administrative supplement,which reflects the political kinship of the functional gods,and embodies the institutionalized standardization of the cult of the characters.Meanwhile,the subjective consciousness of local officials has a profound influence on the activities of sacrifice.When local officials need to use religious sacrifices,they can make flexible choices according to their preferences and the need to carry out education.The local government has rejected the folk sacrifice,which can be used as a relief device,and sometimes it can be used directly for political indoctrination.Due to the particularity of the rule,the Qing dynasty was more sensitive to the establishment and cultivation of political emotions,and was very concerned about creating an emotional exchange experience with the people,and hoped to establish an emotional attachment model of loyalty and unconditional trust in the lower level society.The public's view of the public's gratitude and hue to political indoctrination may be wrong,but the political and emotional return of this kind of public face has been enough for regime stability.To achieve the ideal cycle of enlightenment,the rulers want to be motivated by a higher level of self-education,so that the self-indoctrination of the lower class is a performance of the submissiveness of the political enlightenment.Social education mainly includes genealogy and family statutes,charitable organizations and folk culture.Political indoctrination infiltrated the imperial power into the social life,but the attitude of the lower society to the political indoctrination was also accompanied by disobedience and confrontation,until the final formation of armed resistance against the court.The failure of political education first shows that social problems emerge in an endless stream.In general,it was not always a single entity,but it often presented the pattern of cluster explosion,and finally produces a comprehensive influence,which turns into anti-government activities,which leads to social and political instability.The reasons for the inversion of political indoctrination in the lower society are the urban and rural differences caused by the social and economic changes,the actual control of the government is weakened,the economic difficulties and the social wealth gap are too large,the cultural order is deviated from the political order,the government losed power,and political decline.There are three ways to deal with the behavior of anti-political indoctrination.One is reeducating and transforming the people.The second is to directly use the law to enforce the deviation;Third,the political indoctrination cannot achieve the conversion and return to the force of repression.And use of retribution culture identity to use violence,deprivation,personality insult and reforming management of auxiliary means,rulers also tried to restore function of ruling political restart from governance crisis.But the involvement of the external forces change China's political reality,there is no use in dealing with the foreign strong political indoctrination,ended up as the end of the Qing dynasty perish as the mission of political stability mechanism.