| Research BackgroundThe aging of population has become one of the outstanding problems in the 21st century.The old-age pension problem not only has a strong impact on the economic and social development of various countries?regions?,but also has a huge impact on families and individuals.The transition to an old-age society began in rich areas such as Europe and North America,then appeared in developed countries such as Japan,and gradually spread to developing countries.China has entered the aging society since 1999,and the aging process of population shows the trend of accelerating development.The growth of life expectancy,the decline of the health status of the elderly,the widespread emergence of "421" family structure,the withdrawal of the traditional "children's pension" model,the change of social division of labor and the reduction of the labor force population have resulted in a huge gap in the demand for daily care,which has led to the growing phenomenon of aging,disability and cavitation of the elderly,bringing great pressure on the elderly service in China At the same time,it also brings unprecedented opportunities for the development of institutional pension service.As an important part of the old-age service system,institutional old-age service has an important research value in its development status and deficiencies exposed in the development process.As developed countries have entered the aging society earlier,foreign scholars have carried out more and more in-depth researches on the utilization of institutional pension services,the gap between supply and demand,the management system and quality evaluation system of pension institutions.It can be found that the development of foreign institutional pension services has gone through the process of supply and demand mismatch,service efficiency level is not high,service quality evaluation is not standardized,etc The research results have a good reference and guidance significance for the development of institutional pension services in China.Due to the relatively late start of the development of pension institutions in China,the research methods of domestic scholars are relatively single.From the existing research,most of the researches on the demand for institutional pension services lack the support of theoretical models,and the influencing factors of service demand are also lack of more scientific classification analysis.The research on the supply of institutional pension services uses less methods of combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,and the methods used to evaluate the service quality of pension institutions are vulnerable to the influence of non service factors,As a result,the service evaluation is not consistent with the actual performance of the service.To improve the above research is helpful to better analyze the supply and demand situation and existing problems of institutional pension service.Therefore,this study takes Jinan City as the research site,through the use of various mathematical statistics methods and comprehensive evaluation methods,strives to improve the objectivity and accuracy of the research,reveals the gap between the demand and supply of institutional pension services and the existing problems,in order to better meet the demand of institutional pension services for the elderly and solve the development dilemma of pension institutions Basis.Research ObjectiveIn the present study,westart from two aspects,of which are the demand of elderly care service and the supply of elderly care institutions,to study the elderly care service demand and the corresponding influencing factors.Besides,we analyze the quality and efficiency of the elderly care service and its influencing aspects,and discusses the status and supply of the elderly care service.We also discuss the contradictions between institutional supply and demand,and thereafter provide a scientific basis for improving the elderly care system,cracking the development problems of the elderly care institutions,improving the quality of the services of the elderly care institutions,enhancing the sense of happiness and gain of the elderly,as well as promoting the realization of healthy aging.Research contents1.Research on the demand and influencing factors of elderly care service in Institutions:Taking Jinan City as an example,a systematic survey was conducted to investigate the elderly's demand for institutional pension services and the degree of recognition.On the basis of Andersen behavior model,this paper classifies and analyzes the demand and influencing factors of the elderly institutional pension,and provides reference for improving the service of the elderly institutional pension from three aspects:enabling factors,tendentious factors and demand factors.2.Research on service efficiency and influencing factors of pension institutions:Through the way of questionnaire survey,this paper investigates the service supply of pension institutions,mainly including the investment in human resources,finance,facilities and other aspects.Combined with the above data,this paper analyzes the service efficiency and possible influencing factors of pension institutions,and provides empirical reference for improving the operation of pension institutions.3.Research on service quality evaluation of pension institutions:Based on the data mining based on rough set method,this paper analyzes the service supply quality of the elderly in the old-age institutions in Jinan,reduces the "noise" in the process of data collection by attribute reduction,highlights the core factors that affect the service quality of the old-age institutions,and further compares with the key demands of the old-age institutions To provide the basis and suggestions for the elderly to improve the quality of service supply.Data and MethodsThis study collected qualitative data on the demands and supplies of elderly care services through the methods of literature review and focus group interviews.On-site surveyswere used tocollect the evaluation of the service quality of the elderly care institutions and their pensions.Questionnaire were used to collect the quantitative analysis data of service supply in elderly care institutions.The content of literature review mainly includes policy documents,domestic and foreign relevant literature and statistical statements and other information.Focus group interview mainly through in-depth interviews with the elderly,the staff of pension institutions,government departments and other institutional pension service stakeholders,to understand the understanding of the current situation of institutional pension services and suggestions,on the basis of information generalization,the service supply and existing problems of pension institutions are qualitatively analyzed.A total of 38 peoplewere interviewed for this study.The survey on the needs of elderly care services in the elderly institutions mainly adopted the form of on-site surveys and multi-stage stratified sampling methods.Based on the Andersen behavior model,the influencing factors of the demand for pension services in institutions were analyzed.Research on the service supply of pension institutions used a questionnaire survey,and adopted a multi-stage stratified sampling method.Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)was used to analyze the service efficiency of pension institutions.Research on the service quality of pension institutions adopts the method of on-site investigation.39 medical and nursing combined elderly care institutions were selected from the above-mentioned 48 elderly care institutions.A total of 800 on-site questionnaires were issued and the recovery was effective.Based on rough sets(Rough sets)method,evaluation and analysis of the service quality of pension institutions.In this study,after collecting the questionnaire code,the data was entered using Epidata3.1,and EXCEL2010 was used to establish the database.Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data through SPSS22.0.Principal Findings1.Elderly care service demand and influencing factors:(1)In this study,1436 elderly people were selected from 18 communities in Jinan City for questionnaire survey.1389 valid questionnaires were collected,and the effective rate was 96.73%.(2)The basic situation of the elderly living in the community shows the characteristics of low education level,low widowhood level and less high-income elderly.Although most of the elderly can realize self-care,the elderly generally have different degrees of weakness,and generally live with illness,which has potential demand for institutional pension services and medical services.Female elderly people want to stay in pension institutions Willing to be higher than the male elderly.(3)The elderly living in community have a higher awareness of institutional pension services(71.06%)and a lower demand for institutional pension services(40.03%).(4)The demand of the elderly for institutional pension services is relatively concentrated.(5)The main influencing factors of the elderly's institutional pension service demand are age,the number of children and the ability of self-care,the prevalence of chronic diseases,the degree of weakness and the degree of depression.2.Service supply of pension institutions:(1)The elderly care institutions are mainly public-owned and private-owned,with short average business years and comprehensive hardware facilities.(2)The allocation of TCM students and nurses in elderly care institutions is relatively common.The proportion of qualified and trained elderly nurses is low,the age is relatively large,and the proportion of women is high.(3)The service items are relatively diverse,which can provide better choices for the elderly.(4)The overall service efficiency level of the elderly care institutions is low,among which the public elderly care institutions have the highest effective ratio of service efficiency,and the public elderly care institutions have the lowest effective ratio;the elderly care institutions with bed size less than 100 have the highest effective ratio of service efficiency;the occupancy rate of the elderly care institutions is the main influencing factor of service efficiency.(5)There is a big difference in the occupancy rate among the elderly care institutions,the public elderly care institutions have the highest occupancy rate and the occupancy rate difference between them is not obvious,and the occupancy rate difference between the private elderly care institutions is obvious.Business years,whether there is TCM health care service,and staff expenses are the influencing factors of the occupancy rate of pension institutions.3.Service quality of elderly care institutions:(1)The elderly living in pension institutions are characterized by low education level,high degree of widowhood,poor health status and low income.(2)There is a big difference in the service quality level of pension institutions.Compared with the dimensions of life care service,spiritual comfort service and social participation service,the evaluation results of medical service and security dimension are significantly lower.(3)Based on the analysis of gender difference,age difference,education level difference,marriage status difference,self-care ability difference,children status difference,income status difference and number difference of chronic diseases,the results show that the elderly institutions should improve the relevant service quality according to the different characteristics of the elderly population.ConclusionsThis study is based on qualitative and quantitative research methods.By analyzing the needs of elderly care services,the supplies and the efficiency and quality of the service,the following conclusions are drawn:1.One There is a mismatch between the supply and demand of institutional pension services.The huge demand of the elderly for institutional pension coexists with the insufficient utilization of institutional pension services.The service quality of pension institutions cannot be fully recognized by the elderly.Some pension institutions fail to meet the demand of the elderly in terms of service,which makes the elderly who need to stay in pension institutions do not choose to stay in pension institutions The coexistence of huge demand and underutilization.2.Age,the number of children,the ability of self-care,the prevalence of chronic diseases,the degree of weakness and depression are the main factors that affect the demand of elderly care services.The elderly,who are old,have few children,have poor ability of self-care,have many chronic diseases,are weak and have high degree of depression,have more demand for institutional pension services.3.The service efficiency level of pension institutions is low.Occupancy rate is the main influencing factor of the service efficiency of pension institutions.The service efficiency of pension institutions can be improved by increasing the number of the elderly.4.The occupancy rate of old-age institutions with more staff expenses,TCM health services and long service life is higher.The staff expenses have the greatest impact on the occupancy rate of old-age institutions,and the service life has the least impact on the occupancy rate of old-age institutions.5.The service quality of the elderly care institutions is generally low.We should focus on strengthening medical services and security services,actively pay attention to the service demand of the elderly groups with higher education level,spouse,children and income,and improve the service quality through diversified and multi-level service supply.Recommendations1.Build a caring environment for the elderly and achieve healthy aging.It is recommended to formulate measures to protect the rights and interests of the elderly,eliminate age discrimination against the elderly,respect the autonomy of the elderly,create a policy environment to support healthy aging,establish a comprehensive medical and health service system as well as long-term care system for the elderly,and elderly health assessment monitoring system to promote the construction of caring for the elderly and the realization of healthy aging.2.Improve the construction and development level of the old-age care institutions,and create a favorable external environment conducive to the development of old-age care services.Through innovation and improvement of policies and measures to support the development of elderly care institutions,we will enhance the humanistic care color of institutional elderly care services,scientifically plan the construction scale of elderly care institutions and strengthen the informatizationconstruction,improve the construction and management level of elderly care institutions,and solve the mismatch between the supply and demand of institutional elderly care services.By strengthening supervision and punishing illegal behaviors,we can give full play to the role of system supervision and public opinion guidance,and promote the formation of a good social atmosphere conducive to the development of pension institutions.3.Focus on the development of service projects with concentrated needs of the elderly,and comprehensively optimize the supply of institutional old-age services.Innovate to realize the deep connection between Chinese medicine and old-age care and strengthen the integration of medical and old-age resources.Innovate the integrated medical and old-age service model,and vigorously develop integrated Chinese medical and old-age services.Through enhancing the responsiveness of services,improving the quality of medical services and mental health services,and improving the quality of life of the elderly living in pension institutions.Professional talents and business training are ways to improve the service supply quality of pension institutions,the incentive and management mechanism of employees in pension institutions,theprofessional level of employees in pension institutions,and the quality of pension service supply.Innovation and LimitationsInnovation1.This study combines qualitative and quantitative analysis,through the establishment of a multi variable research model,from the perspective of service demand,service efficiency and service quality,comprehensively and systematically analyzes the demand and supply of institutional pension services and its influencing factors.The results of the study are helpful to understand the current situation of the elderly's demand for institutional pension services and the development of pension institutions.It has practical guiding significance and reference value for solving the development dilemma of pension institutions and the follow-up research.2.In this study,a variety of mathematical statistics methods and comprehensive evaluation methods are used to enhance the objectivity and accuracy of the study.For example,for the first time,the data mining method based on rough set improves the objectivity of service quality evaluation by evaluating the service quality of medical and nursing combined elderly care institutions;the introduction of Andersen behavior model to analyze the influencing factors of elderly care service demand in institutions and classify them scientifically,which will provide classification guidance for improving the supply of institutional elderly care services.3.This study explores the relationship between the basic situation,institutional facilities,staffing,service items and financial status of the elderly care institutions in Jinan City and the service efficiency and occupancy rate of the elderly care institutions.It finds that most of the elderly care institutions have mismatches between input and output,and reveals that the occupancy rate of the elderly care institutions is the main influencing factor of service efficiency.These results will provide a new empirical basis for promoting the development of pension institutions.Limitations1.This study chooses Jinan City as the research object,but does not carry out a comparative study with other cities.In the future research,we can try to obtain the survey data of institutional pension services in different cities,carry out a horizontal comparison between the city and even the province,and carry out a more comprehensive status survey.2.In order to avoid selecting a single outcome index to evaluate the demand and supply of institutional pension services,this study especially includes the structure and process index.Although this standard evaluation method avoids the random results caused by the uneven evaluation standards,such evaluation indicators can not meet the needs of different levels of pension institutions.In the future,different levels of evaluation indicators can be set up for more detailed and comprehensive evaluation.3.Because this study is a cross-sectional study,the research data can not reflect the change rule and development trend of each variable in time series.In the future,we can focus on the continuous collection of data in time dimension,so as to lay a foundation for a deeper understanding of the development process and potential laws of institutional pension services. |
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