Village Governance From The Perspective Of Political System

China has a vast territory and large population with different specialties in different regions.Diverse governance modes with different characteristics evolve in rural areas over a long period of time.In the traditional period,as the field to realize the grass-roots governance in the border area,the village breeds the special system to realize the effective governance in the border area.Village system is not only different from the primitive commune,but also not the same with the village community in the feudal period.Through a relatively closed political process,the border villages in special social form can be effectively managed.The present is a continuation of history.Although the traditional village social forms no longer exist,the village system,as a cultural phenomenon affects and restricts the national construction and rural governance to a certain extent.Based on this,this paper takes Jingpo ethnic village in the southwest border area as the research object,and employs the political system theory to discuss the village system in the border area in the traditional period.This paper mainly investigates how to realize effective governance of frontier villages in the special social form in the traditional frontier areas where the state is unable to do so.The ultimate goal of this paper is to examine the village system as a special institutional form from the historical evolution of human beings through village governance activities,and try to explore the general laws hidden behind the political facts.this paper uses the political system theory from the following three aspects:First,how is village political system looks like,on what basis the village operates.Starting from the relationship between human and nature,population,family and village,and village politics,this paper discusses the village political system.It includes environment and livelihood system,population and social system,organization and authority system.All of these elements interact and provide the foundation for the operation of village politics.The second part explains the logic of the village political system.In the process of the operation of the village political system,the organization and authority system of the village integrate the opinions of the villagers and coordinate the resources of the village,so as to form a decision-making mode dominated by the authorities of the village.In such a direct and effective interaction between villagers and village authorities,a better village governance effect is thus obtained.The third is the output of village system.The political process of the frontier villages was closed against the background of the state's incompetence.The effects of village governance are investigated through the common rules,village awareness and collective actions formed and exported during the operation process of village governance.This research reaches conclusions:Firstly,village system is not a village community system or clan system,but a special social form in the traditional period instead.Secondly,village system is a closed,self-satisfied and autonomous social unit.Thirdly,the frontier area where not ruled by an emperor is the precondition of village system.Frontier villages have long been beyond the reach of state governance,which is the premise of the village system,so it is possible to achieve relatively independent autonomy in frontier villages outside of central government.Fourthly,village system is an integral management mechanism from the inside out.An organic whole is formed by integrating internal environment and living systems,population and social system,the organization and the authority system of the village layer by layer.In the process of the operation of the village political system,the multi-authority respects the subjectivity of the village people and coordinates the village resources as a whole.Through the operation process of village political system,the political products such as common rules,village consciousness and collective action are produced.Thus the cohesion of the village came into being with a better governance effect.By discussing the diversity of social forms in China's rural areas,this study explores the sustainable mechanism of the frontier rural society,and further deepens the understanding of the traditional social governance model in the frontier areas,which is of great practical significance in facilitating the rural revitalization of the frontier villages and promoting effective social governance in the frontier areas.