Social Participation System In The Governance Of Public Universities

There are two crises in the governance of public universities: "government failure" and "insider management".The emergence of governance crisis of public universities is mainly due to the fact that the governance system of public universities does not adapt to the requirements of the organizational characteristics of universities.Public universities are stakeholder organizations with both public and academic attributes.The organizational characteristics of public universities determine that "society" as a stakeholder of universities should participate in the governance of public universities.This is not only an inevitable requirement for the construction of modern university system,but also an inherent requirement for public universities to better fulfill their mission of serving the society.In the process of modern university system construction in China,there is a misunderstanding that the management of public university should be dominated by the government since it is "public owned".Influenced by this narrow view,the social participation in the governance of public universities has been stagnant and even alienated,which has become one of the main factors restricting the modernization of the governance of public universities in China.To clarify the composition of social participation in public university governance system,and to explore its inherent law is the key of this research,and it's also the premise for solving China's social participation problem in public universities management.This paper uses comparative methods and literature research methods.It systematically studies the social participation system in the governance of public universities in the following three typical developed countries--the United States,Great Britain and Japan,from the three dimensions of value ideas,institutional system and the operation process.It analyzes the basic constitution of the social participation system in the governance of public universities in each country,and it concludes three different kinds of social participation systems.Based on the study above,it makes a detailed analysis of the commonalities and individual characteristics of three different types of social participation system,and makes a deep exploration to the formation mechanism of the system from different angles,and finally it makes a preliminary judgment on the development trend of social participation in the governance of public universities.The study shows that although there are great differences in political,economic and cultural background and higher education tradition among the three countries of the United States,UK and Japan,they have built a complete set of social participation system in public university governance suitable for their own national conditions,which has become an important part of the national governance system of public universities.According to the status and role of social forces in public university governance,the social participation system in the governance of public universities in the United States,Britain and Japan is classified into the following three types separately in this paper: "social dominant governance system under the decentralization system"," diversified social participation system under the traditional scholar autonomy",and "social assistance governance system under the leadership of administrative authority",which demonstrates the characteristics of locality,systematicness and synergy.The value concept of social participation in public university governance in the three countries is not exactly the same,but the value concepts such as the corporatization,marketization and democratization of public universities have become an important "engine" to promote social participation in public university governance.At the institutional level,these three countries have established similar systems of social participation including participation in decision-making,evaluation and supervision as a whole.However,there are significant differences among the three countries in the establishment of social participation institutions,the size of social power,its status in university governance and the states and role of education intermediary organizations.The formation mechanism of social participation system in the governance of public universities is diversified.From the dimension of power source,it is the result of natural generation,gradual evolution and strong propelling of "three forces merged".From the dimension of value movement,it is the result of "three-dimensional coupling" of value,system and action.From the perspective of power operation,it is the result of the "three-power game" among the government,society and the University.From the historical perspective of the evolution of the university governance model,social participation in public university governance has become a common trend in the reform of university governance patterns in various countries,hence an important symbol to measure the maturity of a country's modern university system.The establishment of social participation system in the governance of China's public universities should conform to the basic trend and the common characteristics,and reflect our national characteristics.Therefore,it should be systematic.