Research On Structural Model Construction And Promotion Strategy Of Employability Of Undergraduates:A Market Perspective

Since the implementation of large-scale enrollment of university at the end of the last century,China accelerate its' transformation in higher education from elite education to popular education,thus rapidly pushing itself to one of the top higher education powers in the world.However,the great development of China's higher education is twined with one of the “social ills”--employment difficulty of undergraduates.According to Schultz and Becker's theory of human capital,education is the most basic and main means to improve human capital.In reality,education investment leads to the unemployment of educated people.This phenomenon contributes to the two perspectives in the field of education: one is market-oriented “utilitarianism”,another is “idealism” based on holistic education.In the field of higher education nowadays,the concept of “idealism” is more prevalent than “utilitarianism”.Through criticizing the opinion that college education aims at employment,many top schools' principals and educators fully express their emphasis on holistic education to prove that universities leaded by them still adhere to the university spirit and ideals.Employment seems to have turned into a concept contrary to comprehensive development.Those school principals and educators are reticent on talking about the concept,as if they attach any importance to cultivating undergraduates' employability,college education concept will get alienation,the university running will be labeled with “utilitarianism” and judged as a simple market-oriented model.However,attention to market demand and to promote the comprehensive development of college students should not be two contradictory isolated propositions.Pan Maoyuan pointed out in the law of internal and external relations of education that,education should not only respect the requirements in human's comprehensive development,but also must be compatible with social development.The former two views find their qualitative internal relations in this law: market-oriented school running is a necessary condition to cultivate a person all-round developed,while comprehensive development of human also adapts to the market demand,therefore the two are not totally fragmented opposites to each other,and the integration of the two is the implied meaning of education.College education can not make real education if it can not help students build knowledge and ability needed for being socially integrated.Based on this understanding,this paper analyzes from both the human capital theory and law of internal and external relations of education,and points out the root cause of employment difficulty among China's college students.Which is,though mass accumulation of human capital caused by great development of higher education does strongly support industrial structure upgrading and economic growth in China,real industrial structure upgrading is lagging behind and industries ‘ abilities to absorb high-caliber labor force are poor,which led to the employment difficulty of college students.To solve this problem fundamentally,we need to start from the social needs,or the market standards,to locate and analyze the ability structure of the educated,and we need to expand their knowledge structure with respect to their comprehensive development,thus combining students' free development with social needs and exploring an “endogenous” development path to improve their quality.Especially during the early period of adjusting the industrial structure,if the government and universities can complete the dual task of human capital accumulation and the improvement of the quality of the laborers,it will not only provide a realistic path for cracking the employment problem,but also strong endogenous power for deep adjustment of China's industrial development.Only a benign interaction for mutual promotion forms between industrial structure adjustment and the cultivation of higher education talents will fundamentally alleviate the employment difficulty of college students.Through the analysis of the composition of college students' employability structure in different periods of China,this paper divides the historical development of college students employability into three stages: the period of planned distribution,during which “employability?degree”;the transition period from planned distribution to self-employment,during which “employability=degree+”;the period of self-employment,during which “employability=ability+”.In order to deeply explore the status quo of the employability of higher education in a more independent employment stage,this paper innovatively deconstructs the index and latitude of college students' employability from the perspective of the market,and makes a targeted analysis of the structure of their employability.Meanwhile it also redefines the employability.After analyzing and combing the dimensions and indexes that have significant influence on the employment of college students,this paper constructs a brand new model of the employability structure(IEO/WPS)by means of factor analysis and regression analysis.From the two parts of dominant(IEO)and invisibility(WPS),the model uses 6 dimensions and 32 indexes to deconstruct the employability of college students,and demonstrates the ability structure of college students which match the market demand.Through the cross analysis and concise integration of model construction and employability indicators,this paper looks into the disconnection between higher education personnel training and social needs,and then puts forward strategy framework for dimensional employability advancement from the perspective of government,higher education and students themselves: first,the government should be committed to creating “triangle support” for employment market,that is,support for supply,demand and market regulation;second,higher education should be committed to realizing “three integration”,that is,integration of general education and professional education,innovative education and professional education,as well as practice classroom and teaching classroom;third,college students should be both internally and externally cultivated and strive to achieve “three both equipped”,that is,both equipped with humanistic quality and scientific literacy,explicit personality and intrinsic potential,as well as self-development ability and career planning ability.These policy proposals,acting through a series of multi-party linkage measures,aim to not only promote comprehensive development of college students,but also to advance their employability more compatible with market demands.Therefore they can really combine “individual socialization” with “social individuality”,and build a new framework harmoniously promoting human capital accumulation and industrial structural upgrading.