The Structural Optimization Of College Students' Employability Based On The Coupling Of Supply And Demand And Its Empirical Study

The employability of college students is a hot topic concerned by academic circles at home and abroad.Based on the perspective of supply and demand coupling,this study explores and constructs an integrated and optimized structure model of college students' employability using qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods.In view of college students' employability has many different meanings has a different interpretation of its constituent elements,and the structure of the college students' employment ability research is rare and is mainly the construction perspective of narrow sense,this study defines the concept of college students' employment ability from the integrated employment process perspective.Through sorting out and integrating the existing research results at home and abroad,this study clarifies and displays the components and structural dimensions of college students' employability,and preliminarily constructs one integrated framework of college students' employability structure,which including the five main dimensions such as individual and employment personality,career identity and management ability,general ability,knowledge and skills,external factors.Based on this framework,the perception and evaluation of the components of employability of college students and employers are investigated and compared,to a certain extent,reveals the gap between college students' employment ability and the demand of reality: college students generally underestimate the importance of personality traits,executive ability,employment personality traits,learning abilities,and overestimate the importance of the job-hunting ability,social economic factors influence,academic human capital,social capital,etc.Employers have relatively low satisfaction with college students' problem-solving ability,teamwork ability,adaptability,executive ability,practical ability,personal management ability and professional identity,etc.Further,based on the qualitative research of undergraduate talent training programs(supply-side)and campus recruitment advertisements of undergraduate students(demand-side)conducted by employers,this study objectively constructs the structure model of college students' employability,respectively from the perspective of supply and demand side.The results shows that: The structure model of employability on both sides of supply and demand is built around the three core dimensions of knowledge,ability and quality,but the construction mode and compositions have different emphases.Among them,colleges and universities take the quality as the standard,take the development of talents as the guidance,and prefer the comprehensive and coordinated development of individual knowledge ability and quality;However,the employer is competency-based,oriented by competence and practicality,and focuses more on the general employee-oriented ability of individual skills,personal personality and professional characteristics.On this basis,based on the perspective of supply and demand coupling,this paper explains the formation mechanism of college students' employability and the mechanism of supply and demand coupling in the job market,analyzes the coupling relationship of structural elements college students' employability at both ends of supply and demand,and then constructs an integrated and optimized theoretical model of college students' employability structure,and empirically tests the model by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.The main fidings are that: college students' employability structure model of this research is not only a five factor structural model,moreover,the model is an onion-like structure with distinct layers.From the outside to the inside,external employment ability,basic and professional knowledge,basic and professional skills,general ability,individual and professional personality is situated in turn.Elements of different levels has different effects on employment capacity building.In general,the deep layer factors of college students' employability structure "control" the shallow factors,while the outer factors return to "wrap" the inner factors,which jointly promote the formation of employability.Compared with the initial integration model,this model not only optimizes the division of the dimensions of college students' employability structure,but also makes it more stratified and the interaction between the dimensions more clear.Moreover,it optimizes the inclusion of the components of each dimension,which can well bridge the gap between supply and demand of college students' employability,and is more operable and instructive for cultivating and improving college students' employability.In sum,based on the integrated employability framework and the supply-demand coupling perspective,this study constructs an optimized employability structure model of college students,which has clear structure,clear hierarchy,and is effective in internal reliability and validity,external validity and predictive power.The theoretical contribution of this research result is clear,which not only clarify the existing research in a wide range of employability in profusion elements and the structure relationship,construct an integration model of college students' employment ability structure,but also further optimize the structure model based on the coupling between supply and demand perspective,and further clarify the logical relationships among the college students' employment ability structure elements and the influences of each other.Therefore,it enriches and promotes the theoretical research on college students' employability and employability structure,and makes positive contributions to the in-depth understanding of the complex structure of employability.From the perspective of practice,this study puts forward the basic approaches to optimize the structure of college students' employability: to connect with the needs of employer in terms of professional setting,to connect with the standards of employer in terms of training objectives,and to connect with the requirements of positions in terms of skills training;And the paper also proposes the long-term mechanism of optimizing and improving the structure of college students' employability,which mainly includes: establishment of higher education operation mechanism adapted to social and economic development,whole-process employment guidance mechanism,integrated course teaching mechanism based on ability embedding,school-enterprise strategic interaction and cooperation mechanism,and employment information platform and sharing mechanism.This study provides useful guidance for the supply-side reform of talent cultivation in colleges and universities under the new normal economy,the optimization of the cultivation of college students' employability,the promotion of the matching of supply and demand of college students' employment.