Research On The Construction Of Ecological System Of University Entrepreneurship Education

Recently,data from the report on Chinese college students' entrepreneurship shows that,college students' self-employment has been on the rise,and nearly 90% of college students have considered starting their own businesses.According to the survey in 2016,the proportion of students with strong entrepreneurial intention was 18.1%,while in 2017 the proportion reached 26.2%.Innovation and entrepreneurship have become the melody of the times in contemporary China.As the main position of college students' entrepreneurship education,the in-depth promotion of college entrepreneurship education reform has become an important task for the reform and development of higher education at present and in the future.The results of this study show that although the overall satisfaction of college teachers and students with entrepreneurship education is on the rise,nearly 1/3 of college students and more than 1/4 of entrepreneurship education teachers and managers are uncertain or dissatisfied with the current effect of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.How to further enhance the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education and improve the quality of innovative talents training has become the focus of all sectors of society.Under the guidance of ecological philosophy theory,educational ecosystem theory,triple helix entrepreneurship model theory,Timmons entrepreneurship theory,this study attempts to explore entrepreneurship education from the ecological perspective,puts forward "three kinds of cognition" of entrepreneurship education,demonstrates the feasibility of subject reference,and explains the preconditions and specific values of ecological analysis of entrepreneurship education on the use of literature method,survey method,comparative method,interview method.Based on the empirical analysis of the current situation of entrepreneurship education in colleges,this paper describes the problem characteristics of ecological imbalance and analyzes the root causes behind it.Finally,on the basis of combining the successful experiences of entrepreneurship education in foreign countries with the reality in China,this paper attempts to build an ecological system of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities and to explore the interrelation among various elements in the system,aiming at exerting the comprehensive effect of the system and realizing the transformation,upgrading and overall optimization of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities in China.In the introduction part,it elaborates the research background and problems,the purpose and significance of the research,the core concepts of the research,the ideas and methods of the research and the theoretical basis of the research,which provides necessary preconditions for the follow-up research.In the literature review part,the existing achievements in related fields of this research are analyzed from two aspects of bibliometric analysis and subject review.The bibliometric analysis mainly focuses on the number of publications,frequency of citation,distribution of achievements,distribution of subjects and other aspects of relevant researches in the past ten years.The subject review mainly focuses on the three fields of entrepreneurship education,education ecology and entrepreneurship education ecosystem to review the existing achievements.In the part of ecological cognition of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities,starting from the triple nature of ecological understanding,that is,ecology as an entity description,ecology as an analysis method and ecology as a value concept,this paper further expounds on the inherent characteristics contained in the ecological horizon,that is,from "local analysis" to the "overall care",from "entity thinking" to "relationship exploration",from "closed single" to "open diversity",from "static elements" to "dynamic balance".Inspired by ecological understanding,this paper puts forward three perspectives of understanding entrepreneurship education.From the perspective of ontology,entrepreneurship education contains ecological characteristics and ecological requirements.From the perspective of methodology,ecological analysis is applied to study entrepreneurship education.From the perspective of value,entrepreneurship education realizes the common development of human and society.Finally,the rationality of entrepreneurship education ecology and its analytical horizon is confirmed from three aspects: entrepreneurship education is rooted in social life,entrepreneurship education is an organic component of social ecosystem,and the objective existence and realistic demands of social phenomenon research ecology.In the preconditions and values of ecological analysis of entrepreneurship education part,firstly,it puts forward that the essential principle,adaptability principle,directivity principle and transcendence principle must be followed in the ecological analysis of entrepreneurial education.At the same time,the ecological analysis of entrepreneurship education should clarify three restrictive conditions,that is,the "priority" as an analytical method or perspective,cannot change the goal and task of entrepreneurship education,and continue the existing category and discipline characteristics of entrepreneurship education.Finally,this paper expounds the specific value of the ecological analysis of entrepreneurship education,which highlights the its existence value to meet the needs of "human and social reality" and the development value of promoting the "cooperation and progress of human and society".In the ecological survey of the current situation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities part,through the investigation and interview on the current implementation of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities,combined with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the investigation results,various phenomena of ecological imbalance in entrepreneurship education are presented,which are embodied in the utilitarian goals of entrepreneurship education,the limitations of entrepreneurship education policies,the closeness of entrepreneurship education environment,the isolation of entrepreneurship education courses,and the unidirectional nature of entrepreneurship education classes.This part starts from the current ecological imbalance of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities,and analyzes the formation mechanism behind it according to ecological thinking,providing necessary practical basis for the construction of the ecosystem of entrepreneurship education.In the experiences and inspirations of foreign universities on the construction of entrepreneurship education ecosystem part,taking Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States,Technical University of Munich in Germany and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore as examples,this paper introduces the mode construction and operation elements of the ecosystem of entrepreneurship education in foreign universities.At the same time,it provides an useful reference for the construction of China's entrepreneurship education ecosystem in terms of creating a "trinity" entrepreneurship education ecosystem,perfecting the "incentive and monitoring" policy system,establishing an "service and support" organization,setting up a "multi-dimensional and integrated" curriculum system,and nurturing a "infiltration and experience" cultural atmosphere.The construction part of our country's college entrepreneurship education ecosystem regards entrepreneurship education as an ecosystem and studies the system's constituent elements,system structure,characteristics and operation mechanism.Firstly,it is clear that the composition of entrepreneurial education ecosystem includes entity elements and functional elements.The entity elements such as subject,object,mediator and environment are analyzed.On the basis of understanding the "four elements",the relationship between the "four elements" is analyzed.Based on the relationship of factors,this paper further analyzes the macro,middle and micro structures of the entrepreneurial education ecosystem.It proposes that the system has the characteristics of target,dynamic,integrity,balance,mutual promotion and life,and the operating mechanism of nonlinear,relatively balanced and dynamic development.Finally,specific ecological optimization strategies are proposed based on five functional elements in the ecosystem of entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities,which include objectives,policies,environment,curriculum and classroom.