| After the training of professional engineers of civil engineering with cooperative education strategy by Professor Herman.Schneider at the University of Cincinnati in 1906,the cooperative education conception began to spread in the US mainland.After World War II,this unique talent cultivation mode received much concern in the field of education in developed countries especially in the Europe,US and Japan.This mode worked in different forms,such as the "Teaching Company Scheme" in British,the“new apprenticeships”in Australia,and the "government-industry—university" cooperation in Japanese.Since the introduction of cooperative education to China in the 1980s,it was promoted by non-governmental organizations and guided by the central and local governments at all levels,cooperative education has achieved significant results and cooperation mode diversification,but there are a lot of problems meanwhile.The problems as follow:the enterprise cooperation motivation is not enough and there is lacks effective selection mechanism of cooperative partner;the contract mechanism between the collaborative agents is not perfect,and fails to form an effective specification guide to the cooperative behavior;the government doesn't make clear,specific and workable policies to encourage cooperative partner to collaborate during the process of cooperation education;the universities,scientific research institutes and enterprises fail to achieve effective allocation of resources to cultivate the talent,and to develop of science and technology,leading to low level cooperation with short time and low efficiency,which makes the talent cultivation,and the science and technology development far from the expected aims.At the beginning of this century,the Chinese government puts forward the strategic goal of building an innovation-oriented country,and in "National medium and long-term plan for education reform and development(2010-2020)",it calls on constructing laboratory and practice base in and out of universities.And the universities,research institutes and enterprises establish strategic alliance for promoting science and technology innovation and cultivating high level innovative talents,so as to adapt to the demand of innovative country strategy.It is worthy of attention on how to establish a stable,long-term,lasting cooperation mechanism of talent cultivation among universities,research institutes and enterprises to facilitate to realize the goal of cultivating innovation talent.This study investigated the talent training cooperation mechanism of industry-university-institute in domestic and foreign to find the core of talent training mechanism of industry-university-institute is how to realize operation of personnel training resources,realization of the function of the talent training mechanism depends on the effective operation of personnel training resources,that is to integrated effectively and reasonable configuration and efficient use and supply of the guarantee measures.Based on this,study the talent training resources as the breakthrough point,based on the resource-based theory,and proposal the idea to construct a strategic alliance to cultivate talent among universities,research institutes and enterprises,to study how to realize the effective concentration of talents resources?How to realize the reasonable configuration and effective utilization of Personnel training resources which are in the agglomeration state?There are conflict of value,ideology and culture,and the pursuit of goals because of industry-university-institute organization nature differences,which are easy to cause alliance risk.How to deal with alliance risk to ensure the effective operation of industry-university-institute talent training resources?The study applying resource-based theory and transaction cost theory to analyzing the internal and external dynamic factors to influence industry-university-institute cooperation,and finds that the fundamental impetus of forming strategic alliance to train talent among universities,research institutes and enterprises,is whether the main body can provide heterogeneous resources necessary to achieve strategic objectives for each other.The direct power of the formation of strategic alliances is to reduce resource transaction costs,and competition in the market is the main force to attracting enterprises to participate in strategic alliance,and policy encouragement is the important external thrust.How to do with the present situation that enterprises participate in the alliance lack of dynamic to sticking power factors of industry-university-institute cooperation and to drive strategic alliance formation?This study constructs an integration "pyramid" dynamic mechanism from four aspects of government,industry,university,and institute.Government implement"push-pull combination" two-way guide to promote enterprises to take part in alliance for talent training.Universities and institutes extend research chain and reform the scientific research evaluation system to build scientific research mechanism market oriented to attracting enterprises to participate in alliance.The industry-university-institute organization formulates the security system of sharing resources for technology research and development,enterprise product improvement and talent training in university,ensuring the resource demand of alliance operation.The formation process of industry-university-institute strategic alliance which is the process of the selection of cooperation ally,the alliance mode choice,and the choice of the ways of production profit distribution.Alliance choice is the essence of resource trait,resource configuration and the selection of profit distribution.Resource characteristics are the foundation of the alliance between the Allies.Alliance pattern influence the alliance resource allocation.Distribution of interests maintains a stable and continuous operation of the alliance,which is the core of the alliance choice.The choice of the three factors begins with Allies selection,and benefit allocation mode selection at end.The formation process of cooperation ally selection mechanism was divided four stages according to the partner selection procedure,exchange of information,the advantage comparative,ally selection and union contracts forming and signing.Based on the Co-operative games theory,according to two sides resource investment situation and the comprehensive strength of the alliance,alliance mode is divided into four types:the mutual leading embedded mode,university and institutes leading mode,the enterprise leading mode,and the third party(such as government or other organizations)intervention models or government coordination mode.Different alliance modes have different interest distribution pattern:the research of mutual oriented personnel training mode,benefit distribution between the combinations of appropriate way,profit distribution of scientific research achievements transformation yield is suitable for mixed payment way,and payment for product development are suitable to according to share profit,and the appropriate way of payment for technology improve is according to royalty payment.University and institutes as the leading mode,research on technology improvement.Technical improvement on income distribution is suitable for installment payment commission or profits,the profit distribution of product transformation according to the share profit,and the benefits of research achievements transformation are suitable for mixed payment.In the third party(government and other groups)intervention model,profit distribution of improve technology according to the share profit,proper product development suitable for royalty income the ways of payment,and the transformation of scientific research achievements benefits suitable for mixed payment in the enterprises as the leading mode of cooperation,production and research to each other according to the contribution of the size of the project in the study reach the distribution of interests contract is paid with installment by government according to the proportion of gains.Configuration and utilization of talents training resources is the center of the talent training coopertation mechanism operation of industry-university-institute alliance.From three different dimensions,process of learning,tutor guidance,main-body interaction,to configuration and utilization of talents cultivation resources to construction of alliance operation mechanism,Base on the value chain theory,from the theoretical study,scientific research training of institutes and enterprise practice work to construct the multi-link chain learning mechanism.Teaching and studying the theory in classroom is the source of human capital "value chain",Get applied knowledge in the exploration,innovation ability of scientific research training by applied research in institutes,the practical work in enterprise product production,technology development,which are the value-added chain of the human capital.Base on the network-theory,according to the demands of innovative talent capacity train,using the advantages of mentors in different fields to design the mutual penetration and mutually embedded tutors composite guidance mechanism.Base on innovative talent demands of tacit knowledge,the study applies organizational learning theory,and makes use of different resources and the environment of scientific research institutes and enterprises,constructing multi main-body interaction interaction mechanism of talent cultivation at different levels,different sectors.In the operation process of industry-university-institute strategic alliance,due to the main differences in culture thoughts,concept of value and the conflicts in pursuit of interests,the alliance stability is threatened.In the mechanism operation process of industry-university-institute strategic alliance,due to the main differences in culture thoughts,concept of value and the conflicts in pursuit of interests,the alliance stability is threatened.This study based on cultural differences,conflicts of interest and the standard function difference to build union adjustment mechanism to provide guarantee for talent training resources running efficiently.For the cultural differencesin three aspects of industry-university-institute,namely the surface of the material and behavior culture,the inner system culture level and the deep spiritual and cultural level,through the establishment of organization trust by deep talks and mutual reference,by learnning from each other and absorption of the league's culture to realize the cultural fusion for weakening alliance risk caused by cultural differences.Dealing with the main body function difference,in the process of talent training,implementing" universities launched and enterprises cooperation,discuss between colleges and enterprise",establishment of the talent training scheme;formulate "coordinator" system to coordinate personnel flow,and set up the cultivation of talents resources department to integrate talent training resources.Between the university and research institute,the study builds the main coordination mechanism with the talent demand as an opportunity and joint research projects as the gripper to accord talents training goal of alliance and reduce the impact of standard functions of industry-university-institute.In view of the interest conflicts of industry-university-institute,establish risk sharing mechanism to reduce the risk of damage of alliance body,and implementation of interest compensation mechanism for whom has loss interests,and government plays coordinating role to balance interests differences,and setting up security balancing of Industry-university-institute interests by safeguard measures such as law,policy and system construction to defensive risk of alliance benefit conflicts and strengthen the alliance risk defense capabilities.Industry-university-institute cooperation cultivate talent is an effective strategies,which is not only need to research efficient allocation between the subjects in the process of training to achieve heterogeneous resources but also need the government to actively create favorable system environment,encourage,guide,regulate the cooperation to overcoming all kinds of risk caused by the uncertainty of social environment to promote the main body in the cultivation talents on the cooperation mechanism of stable,continuous and efficient operation,realize the innovative talent training goal,and adapt to the demand of constructing an innovative country.Specifically,the government needs to establish the cooperation information service system for research,to provide system information resources for cooperating partners;to set up cooperative certification organizations by organizing experts,assessing the authenticity of cooperation and the matching attribute of cooperation subjects;to formulate specific and clear funding policies;to entrust research cooperation organizations with the development of public projects;to make relevant laws to ensure the effective implementation of various supporting policies and supervise the fairness,justice and sanctions of the cooperation contract. |
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