| Poverty has always been one of the core issues that the governments of all countries in the world are paying close attention to.China is also making great efforts to reduce poverty.At present,China has entered the difficult stage of poverty alleviation.The remaining poor people are mostly located in remote mountainous regions or border areas in the west,with deeper poverty and greater difficulty in helping.As one of the most important modes of poverty alleviation,the problem of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency has also aroused widespread concern among scholars and participants involved in poverty alleviation.Therefore,on the basis of the researches on poverty alleviation in tourism,firstly,this research constructs the evaluation index system,selected the Window-DEA analysis method to measure the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of Chinese from three levels:provincial,municipal,and county level.Then this study uses threshold panel model to analysis the nonlinear threshold effect of the scale of tourism industry,density of tourism population,tourism resource endowments and tourism investment of tourism development level indicators on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency.At last,according to the analysis above,this study propose some effective countermeasures to improve the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency.This research gets the following main conclusions:(1)China’s tourism poverty alleviation efficiency shows an upward trend,but there has been a slight decline since 2013.The results of the evaluation of the provincial tourism poverty alleviation efficiency from 2007 to 2016 show that:the overall level of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency is upward.This indicates after the implementation of the tourism poverty alleviation model for a period,strategies such as tourism policy support,capital investment,and scenic spot construction have effectively improved the level of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency.Tourism poverty alleviation has achieved remarkable results.But after 2013,the increasing of the poverty alleviation difficulty,the transformation of poverty alleviation policies and other factors has led to a slight decline in the efficiency of tourism poverty alleviation.From 2011-2016,China’s municipal level of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency shows the similar features to provincial level.This also verifies the above conclusions.(2)The poverty alleviation efficiency in western ethnic areas and border areas are significantly lower than those in the central and eastern regions in China.However,the gap is decreasing year by year.Through the spatial distribution and the changing trends of the comprehensive tourism poverty alleviation efficiency provincial level 2007-2016,the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of various provinces in China has a obvious spatial difference,the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency of eastern and central provinces is relatively high,while that of the western and border areas is low.It’s because there are more mountainous areas in Western ethnic areas and border areas and the infrastructure is relatively backward there.However,with the continuous promotion of tourism poverty alleviation,especially the Western ethnic and border areas through continuously increasing investment in tourism poverty alleviation and innovating tourism poverty alleviation strategies,the gap in tourism poverty alleviation efficiency is continuously shrinking between these areas and other areas.(3)The comprehensive tourism poverty alleviation efficiency is mainly affected by the technical efficiency in China;the effect of scale efficiency is smaller.The correlation analysis of comprehensive tourism poverty alleviation efficiency and tourism poverty alleviation decomposition efficiency in provincial,municipal,and county level shows the correlation between comprehensive efficiency and technical efficiency is higher,but the correlation between comprehensive efficiency and scale efficiency is lower.This indicates in the current period,China’s tourism poverty alleviation has basically completed the stage of improving efficiency by capital accumulation.So,the implementation of organizational innovation and the increase of technical input should be the main ways for China to increase the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in the future.Measurement of decomposition efficiency shows the scale efficiency values of tourism poverty alleviation in provinces,municipal,and county level in China all exceed 0.9,very close to the relative efficiency level.But technical efficiency still has to be improved.This also indicates the direction of China’s future tourism poverty alleviation and efficiency improvement.(4)The effects of scale of tourism industry,density of tourism population,tourism resource endowments and tourism investment on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency all have significant double threshold characteristics.Through the analysis of the threshold effect of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency from 2007 to 2016,there is a significant nonlinear relationship between tourism development indicators such as scale of tourism industry,density of tourism population,tourism resource endowments and tourism investment and tourism poverty alleviation efficiency:with the continuous improvement of various tourism development indicators,the effect of tourism industry scale on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency has changed from insignificant to very significant;the effect of tourism population density on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency first increases and then declines which presents inverted "U" shape;the effect of tourism resource endowments and tourism investment scale on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency gradually reduce,after exceeding a certain threshold,it becomes insignificant again.(5)This paper believes that the current problems in China’s tourism poverty alleviation are:insufficient technical input,neglected concept of sustainable development and inadequate participation of the poor and so on.Therefore,innovating poverty alleviation models,optimizing investment structures,and constructing regulatory systems should be done to promote the tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in China.In summary,there is some innovation in research methods and research content of this paper.First of all,this paper revise and improve the evaluation index system of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency,make the evaluation index more in line with the research purpose,and the evaluation result is more scientific and reasonable.Secondly,this paper expanded the application of Window-DEA analysis method in the evaluation of poverty alleviation efficiency;this method can solve the cross-period comparison problems of poverty alleviation efficiency which unable to achieve before.Thirdly,this study comparative analysis of the status of tourism poverty alleviation in provincial,municipal,and county level in China and summarizes the changing characteristics and the causes of fluctuation of China tourism poverty alleviation efficiency.Fourthly,this paper analyzes the nonlinear threshold effect of the tourism industry scale,tourism population density and other tourism development indicators on tourism poverty alleviation efficiency;enriches the research contents of tourism poverty alleviation efficiency. |
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