Research On The Development Of China S Export Manufacturing Industry And Its Trade Policy

This year is the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up of China,and it has used its superior "Demographic Dividend" or "Demographic Bonus" and huge market to conform to the trend of economic globalization,achieving rapid growth for several decades and creating an unprecedented "Economic Miracle" in human history.But after the outbreak of the international financial crisis,the international and domestic situation has changed a lot:Internationally,the world political situation is particularly turbulent,the global economy is getting colder,and external demand is weak.At the same time,the domestic economy began to enter a period of deep adjustment,and economic growth began to slow down,and the contribution of traditional growth to the Chinese economy began to decline."Turn the way,Adjust the structure" have become the main tone of China's economic policy in recent years,and how to promote the transformation and upgrading of export manufactures is particularly important.The existing research mainly summarize the internal reasons for the difficulty of transformation and upgrading of China's export manufacturing industry from the aspects of single factor input structure,low production efficiency,unreasonable redistribution structure and low status of global value chain,while there is a lack of discussion on the way and the path of transformation.This paper combines the typical fact that the world manufacturing industry is becoming more and more service-oriented or servitizing,and combines the current policy background of deepening Supply-side Structural Reform in China,and deeply discusses the connotation,motivation and obstacles of servitizing of export manufacturing.On this basis,the core propositions of this article are raised:What is the relationship between servitization and the transformation of export manufactures?In order to answer the above two questions,this paper examines the transformation mode and path of manufacturing industry from the relationship between servitization and its transformation and upgrading,and the relationship between trade policy and servitization.First,this paper first refines the transformation issues into production transformation(such as productivity,product quality,production technology,etc.),trade transformation(such as markups,domestic value added,exchange rate fluctuations and global value chain,etc.)and redistribution transformation(uch as wage level,employment problem,redistribution structure,etc.),discusses the relationship between these three types of problems and servitization,respectively.The main contents are shown in Chapters 5 and 6.Second,this paper divides trade policy into tariff policy and non-tariff policy,focusing on the trade liberalization brought about by the decline of tariffs on imported intermediate goods and the heterogeneity of trade liberalization brought about by Internet information technology.See Chapters 7 and 8 for the main research.The main conclusions of this paper are:(1)This paper first calculates the service level of 14 manufacturing industries in China,and finds that the servitization level of China's manufacturing industry is very low,and there are obvious industry differences.The service inputs of manufactures focuse on marketing and transportation fields,and there is very little investment in financial and telecommunications services.This paper argues that the manufacturing industry does not focus on improving its total factor productivity and technological innovation capability.Its low international competitiveness and global value chain status may be the main reasons for the long-term low level of servitization in China.(2)This paper explores the inherent logic of manufacturing servitization affecting the transformation of production and trade.It believes that the reduction of the price of service intermediates relative to the physical will encourage enterprises to choose more service products to promote the servitization level of manufactures;the improvement of the servitization further promotes the markup rate,total factor productivity and global value chain through price transmission mechanism.(3)This paper analyzes the internal factors of servitization to increase the average wage of export manufacturing industry.It believes that manufacturing servitization can directly improve the real wage level of enterprises through“intensive effect" and"expansion effect".The advantages of small profits and quick turnover of export enterprises can be enhanced by increasing productivity and lowering product prices(addition rate),and then real wages can be raised.(4)This paper confirms that trade liberalization may have a negative impact on the transformation of China's export manufacturing industry,and explains its internal mechanism,namely through the import substitution effect(ISES),importing more intermediate goods,reducing the import of service goods;price and quality effect(PQE),producing low-quality exports,lowering industry prices to maintain comparative advantage,which inhibits the transformation and upgrading of export manufactures.(5)This paper further studies the impact of Internet information technology,a non-tariff form of trade liberalization,on the servitization.The result shows that the penetration of the Internet can reduce the cost of production and trade of intermediate products and improve the efficiency of information exchange.The positive externalities brought about by the application of Internet technology have spawned more service demand,offsetting the negative effects like traditional tariff reduction policies.The possible innovations in this paper are as follows:(1)Systematic research on manufacturing servitization,discussing the important impact of servitization on the transformation and upgrading of China's export manufacturing industry,and constructing a complete analytical framework based on the servitization perspective.(2)Introducing manufacturing servitization as a heterogeneous factor to the study of total factor productivity,markup rate and global value chain,and discusses the service-oriented problem of China's export manufacturing industry with theoretical modeling method.(3)Using Heckman's two-stage estimation,instrumental variable,DID and other empirical tools at the forefront of academic research,this paper analyzes the development problem of China's export manufacturing industry from the micro and meso level.