Research On The Supply Of Rural Public Products

Strengthening the supply of rural public products is an important way to thoroughly solve the issues concerning agriculture,countryside and farmers.It is the objective requirement to strengthen the endogenous power of the economy.It is the only way to achieve high-quality economic development.However,there are some problems in the supply of rural public products,such as the overall scale is not high,the structure is unreasonable,and the efficiency is low and other questions.Under the background of implementing the strategy of rural revitalization,the Party and the government will further increase their support for "agriculture,countryside and farmers",and will continue to increase their investment in the supply of rural public products.Therefore,regardless of the realization of high-quality economic development,the problems existing in the supply of rural public products,or the focus of the national strategy,the supply of rural public products is one of the focuses in domestic theoretical research.Rural public products are an important part of public products,however,compared with general public products,they still have the characteristics such as multi-level,strong spillover,high dependence,low efficiency and so on.Due to the unique attributes of rural public goods,we need to establish a theoretical dimension model of rural public products supply including demand analysis,resource allocation,multi-game and efficiency evaluation,which is used to analyze the supply of rural public products.This model is objectively required to adhere to the principle of unity of goal orientation and problem orientation,starting from solving the problems in the process of rural public products supply and satisfying the growing needs of farmers for a better life.The theoretical dimension model provides a theoretical framework for the analysis of rural public products supply.The first,demand analysis is the prerequisite of effective supply of rural public products.There are many factors affecting the demand of rural public products,including economic,political,social and other aspects.Among them,the level of rural economic development and farmers' income are the most basic factors affecting the demand of rural public products.Cost allocation of rural public products,rural social characteristics and consumption intention are also the important factors affecting thedemand of rural public products.In the process of rural public products supply,the characteristics of rural public products,the hitchhiking psychology of demanders and other factors result in the lack of demand information and the insufficient information on both sides of supply and demand,thus affecting the effective supply of rural public products.In order to realize the effective supply of rural public products,it is necessary to obtain the demand information accurately by improving the expression and decision-making mechanisms of rural public products demand.And according to the order structure of rural public products demand and the order of priority,the demand of rural public products can be met.The second,optimizing the allocation of resources is an important guarantee for the effective supply of rural public products.There are three main ways to allocate resources in the supply process of rural public products: market mechanism,government mechanism and social mechanism.The characteristics of rural public products will lead to market failure in the process of allocating resources by market mechanism.In order to solve the market failure,we can rely on the government mechanism to make up for it.However,in the process of allocating resources by the government mechanism,there will also be some problems,such as the mismatch between supply and demand,the low efficiency of capital utilization and so on,which will lead to the government failure.Market mechanism can not do well,and government mechanism can not always do well,so we should introduce social mechanism.Social mechanism itself has its own defects,which will cause social failure.To solve social failure,we must strengthen government supply and introduce market mechanism.Therefore,it is necessary to improve the market mechanism by means of effective competition,the government mechanism focusing on public finance and the social mechanism aiming at mutual benefit and reciprocity.Because market failure,government failure and social failure often exist at the same time,it is difficult to realize the effective supply of rural public products only by a way of resource allocation.It is necessary to establish a tripartite cooperative resource allocation mechanism of government has done,market has the position and society is effective.The third,achieving cooperation and win-win in multi-game is the necessary condition for the effective supply of rural public products.The game of rural public products supply means that in the process of rural public products supply,allstakeholders(gamblers)aim at maximizing their own interests,according to the information they have and the actions of other gamers,and adopt corresponding action strategies to achieve the intended objectives.In order to meet the diversified needs of farmers for rural public products,China has gradually established a multi-stakeholder of rural public products including the central government,local governments,other organizations and farmers.Although in the process of rural public products supply,all stakeholders make rational decisions based on the goal of maximizing their own interests,the non-cooperation of game behavior will cause collective irrationality of the game results,and then cause the plight of rural public products supply.In order to realize the effective supply of rural public products,we must start with the concept of game,the subject of game,the rules of game and the mechanism of game,so as to promote the win-win situation of multi-party game.The fourth,efficiency evaluation is a measure of the effective supply of rural public products.From the perspective of input and output,the so-called efficiency of rural public products supply is to maximize the supply of rural public products with the lowest input or on the basis of making full use of existing resources.That is,the ratio of input to output.Therefore,in order to improve the efficiency of rural public products supply,it is necessary to optimize the level of government,improve the efficiency of government,and minimize the cost of rural public products.We should revitalize the stock of resources,strengthen supervision measures and maximize the benefits of rural public products.From the perspective of demand and supply,the so-called efficiency of rural public supply is the proportional relationship between the demand satisfaction and supply level of rural public products.Therefore,in order to improve the supply efficiency of rural public products,it is necessary to strengthen the supply of rural social public products,rural productive public products and rural ecological public products with demand as the orientation.From the perspective of effect target,the so-called efficiency of rural public supply is to measure and judge whether the effect of rural public products supply can achieve the expected goal.Therefore,in order to improve the efficiency of rural public products supply,the key is to clarify and construct the target system of rural public products supply,and to achieve the same supply effect and supply goal in the process of rural public products supply.At the same time,in the process of pursuing the efficiency of rural public products supply,we must correctly handle the relationship between fairness andefficiency,and promote the coordinated development of fairness and efficiency.However,in the process of rural public products supply,in addition to the above four aspects,it also needs to involve other aspects of the supporting reform.The supporting reform is the necessary guarantee to realize the effective supply of rural public products.We should reform the public finance system and promote the supply of rural public products by optimizing the public finance expenditure system,straightening out all level relations of public finance,reforming the management system of public finance and so on.We should optimize the rural governance structure,and realize the modernization of rural governance capacity and system by speeding up the reform of township government institutions,improving the performance appraisal of grass-roots government and promoting grass-roots democratic construction.We should promote the expansion of rural public products demand and create favorable conditions for realizing the scale benefit of rural public products supply by accelerating the agriculture industrialization,strengthening the farmer organization and accelerating the new urbanization.The supply of rural public products is an important strategic grasp to promote the strategy of rural revitalization.Due to the path-dependent effect of institutional change,the changes of rural public products supply system and institution will have a significant impact on the supply of rural public products in the strategy of rural revitalization.The supply of rural public products is of great significance to the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.This is because the effective supply of rural public products is conducive to achieving the goal of industrial prosperity,ecological livability,rural civilization,effective governance and rich life.In the process of implementing the rural revitalization strategy,we should achieve effective supply of rural public products by optimizing rural public infrastructure,strengthening rural public education,improving rural social security and so on.