| Property rights do not only clarify the relationship among people,but also promote the circulation of goods and have the social division of labor furthered.In other words,they play an important role in maintaining fairness and improving efficiency(Coase,1994).Therefore,the rules of property rights and in which the value orientation embodied are not only related to social stability and harmony,but also strongly impact the development of the national economy.The scientific and rational property rights arrangements would be more important when it comes to residential land because of its special meaning for people's living.Although it has been decades that various reforms of residential land property rights system has been taken in China,those reforms have never been out of the fundamental framework of China's dual land system based on the difference between urban and rural areas.According to the theory of Marxism,the production relationship must be shaped as what required by the development of productive forces,or the latter would be hindered(Marx Basic Principles Writing Group,2013).As a kind of production relationship,it is undeniable that urban-rural differential housing property rights system has made lots of contribution to the development of Chinese society and economy in the past decades.However,due to the changes of social and economic environment,many problems have gradually been exposed to the public,such as urban housing prices are growing too fast but large areas of rural homesteads are not in use,urban residents lack housing security but rural residents have insufficient property income,urban development lacks sustainability and rural revitalization lacks driving power.Therefore,through reading numbers of related literature and observing related social realities,this thesis attempts to compare the property rights system of residential land which is divided according to urban and rural areas in China,and analyze the impact of property rights system of urban and rural residential land on the development of this country.This thesis summarizes the changes of urban and rural residential land property rights system,and analyzes their problems from the requirement of the urban development and rural revitalization.The structure of the thesis is organized as follows: The main content of this thesis consists of an introduction and the following eight chapters. The introduction outlines the background,research purposes and significance of the thesis.The second chapter of the thesis mainly analyzes and summarizes the domestic and foreign literatures related to the property rights and property rights of urban and rural residential land.The third chapter of the thesis begins to compare and analyze the contents of property rights of urban and rural residential land from the perspective of legislation and policy.On the basis of the third chapter,the fourth chapter analyzes the differences in power and functions caused by the differences in the property rights of urban and rural residential land.Based on the understanding of the differences in the content and power of the property rights of urban and rural residential land,the fifth chapter begins to analyze why the differences exist from the perspective of government behavioral goals and national development requirements.The sixth chapter of the thesis makes a dialectical analysis of the relationship between the property rights system of urban and rural residential land and urban and rural development.In this chapter,it is acknowledged that much contribution has been made by the different property rights system between urban and rural areas,but more problems caused by which are discussed as well.The seventh chapter introduces the issue of small property rights housing for describing and demonstrating the problems caused by the imbalance of urban and rural residential land use rights.In the eighth chapter,this thesis combines the relationship between the internal requirements of urban development and rural revitalization in the new era and the reform of the property rights system of urban and rural residential land,and proposes “the return of the power of residential security of urban residential land and the return of the power of assets of rural residential land” as the orientation for the development of property rights of urban and rural residential land,and makes an innovative exploration in the urban and rural residential land property rights system reform from the perspective of changes in external factors,such as population structure and economic growth pattern.Based on the above researches,the main conclusions of this thesis are as follows:(1)the property rights are observably differentiated when it comes to the economic power and the power of residential security that the residential land possesses between urban and rural areas,local governments and rural collective economic organizations,and citizens and farmers.The difference also impacts the economic development of urban and rural areas and the realization of the happiness of urban and rural individuals.(2)There is a correlation between the changes of property rights of urban and rural residential land and the behavioral goals of governments in different periods.(3)The property rights system of urban and rural residential land is not completely consistent with the requirements of urban and rural residents or the nation in different periods.In some periods,the governments chose to sacrifice the residential security/economic power of urban and rural land property rights to achieve national development.(4)From the perspective of urban development and rural revitalization in the new era,the existing arrangement of urban and rural residential land property rights would be no longer consistent with the goal of national development,which,actually,has caused many problems.For instance,large areas of homesteads are left unused in countryside as more and more famers left for cities but the homesteads are legally forbidden to be transacted.On the other side,the urban housing price has risen too fast to be affordable in recent years,by which numerous young people or immigrants are suffered.Therefore,the reform for the property rights system of rural and urban residential land is supposed to cover two aspects.Firstly,the power of residential security should be returned to urban residential land for reducing the resistance that the new urban immigrants face,and giving the existing urban residents a long-term and stable living environment.Secondly,the power of assets should be returned to rural homesteads for realizing rural revitalization. |
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