Study On Measurement And Influence Factors Of The Agricultural Industry Poverty Alleviation Efficiency In The Southwest Mountainous Area

As a worldwide problem,poverty has long troubled the progress and development of human society.As the largest developing country in the world,China has a large base and a high proportion of the population living in poverty.It is of great significance to the progress and development of human society to solve the poverty reduction problem of the population living below the poverty line.China is a agricultural country,and are mainly distributed in poor rural areas,agricultural production is the main mode of production of Chinese farmers,agricultural production is the main source of income,as a result,the agricultural industry is an important part of precise poverty reduction strategy for poverty alleviation,the support effect to achieve the stability of the rural poor out of poverty is of great significance.To sum up the existing studies,there are still the following deficiencies in the research results on industrial poverty alleviation: 1)the existing studies on industrial poverty alleviation only focus on the model and practical problems of industrial poverty alleviation,and there are relatively few studies on the theoretical framework construction and mechanism analysis of the effectiveness of industrial poverty alleviation;2)in terms of the research contents of poverty alleviation by industry,more attention is paid to poverty alleviation by tourism and planting industry,while less research is involved in poverty alleviation by rural breeding industry.3)from the perspective of research,although existing studies have made comparative analysis on the effectiveness of assistance or policy performance,relatively few literatures have made comparative studies on the poverty alleviation efficiency of agricultural industry from the perspective of poverty identification and accurate assistance.4)From the perspective of research methods,the existing literatures make simple descriptive statistics on the relevant information between poor villages and non-poor villages,poor households,non-poor households and ordinary farmers,and then draw a conclusion.However,due to the existence of sampling error,the statistical description may not truly reflect the overall information represented by the sample.Based on this background,this paper takes Yunyang county,a national-level poverty-stricken county in the poor mountainous areas of southwest China,as an example,the four agricultural industry types of traditional crops,cash crops,poultry farming and livestock farming in the county were studied,using the data envelopment analysis(DEA)method to measure the different types of agricultural efficiency on the poor and non-poor villages and households.and using the method of Parametric and nonparametric tests to examine the difference in efficiency of different agricultural industries at different levels,further using the intercept regression model on maximum likelihood method to analysis the influence factors of efficiency of different agricultural type industry.In the end,With the help of spatial dislocation model and visual analysis tool,the spatial distribution pattern of efficiency of four types of agricultural industry was identified,and then the optimization strategies for improving the efficiency of poverty alleviation were put forward.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Efficiency measurement and evaluation resultsFirstly,the overall efficiency of different types of agricultural industry is low,but there are statistical differences between different types.Compared with the breeding,the comprehensive efficiency of planting is higher than that of the breeding.Compared with traditional crops,cash crops,poultry farming and livestock farming,the four agricultural types showed that cash crops were higher than traditional crops and livestock farming was higher than poultry farming.It can be seen that compared with traditional crops and poultry farming,cash crops and livestock farming can better drive poor farmers out of poverty and increase their income.From the point of view of efficiency contribution,scale efficiency is the main reason for the low comprehensive efficiency of different types of agricultural industries.Improving scale efficiency can significantly improve the comprehensive efficiency of industries.From the stage of scale compensation,most farmers are in the stage of increasing scale return,which shows that increasing investment can achieve higher scale return.Secondly,the planting industry at different levels also has low comprehensive efficiency,but there is a statistically significant difference between different levels The comprehensive efficiency of planting and traditional crops in non-poor villages is higher than that in poor villages,but the comprehensive efficiency of cash crops is lower than that in poor villages,which shows that the industrial assistance mainly based on cash crops can better promote the economic development of poor areas.There are also significant differences in the comprehensive efficiency of traditional crops and cash crops between poor households,poverty-free households and ordinary households.To be specific,the comprehensive efficiency value of poor households is the largest,the number of poverty-free households is the second,and the number of ordinary households is the smallest,which effectively promotes the improvement of industrial efficiency of poor households.From the stage of scale compensation,most farmers are in the stage of increasing scale compensation.Whether traditional crop cultivation or cash crop cultivation,most farmers are in the stage of increasing returns to scale.It can be seen that increasing factor input can achieve higher scale benefits of planting.Thirdly,the breeding industry at different levels also has low comprehensive efficiency,but there is a statistically significant difference between different levels The comprehensive efficiency of poultry and livestock farming in poor villages is higher than that in non-poor villages,which shows that precise assistance has a significant effect on poor villages.Compared with the general peasant households,the comprehensive efficiency value of poultry and livestock farming shows the characteristics of the largest number of poor households,the second largest number of poor households and the smallest number of ordinary peasant households,especially the efficiency value of poultry farming of poor households is much higher than that of non-poor households and ordinary peasant households,which is in line with the current situation of the study area,the main support measures for the poor household farming industry are poultry farming.,this policy has strongly promoted the income growth of poor households.From the perspective of efficiency contribution,scale efficiency is the main reason for the low comprehensive efficiency of different levels of the breeding.The scale efficiency of poultry and livestock farming in poverty-stricken villages is higher than that in non-poverty villages;the poultry farming of poverty-stricken households,poverty-free households and ordinary households shows the characteristics of the highest poverty-stricken households,followed by poverty-free households and the smallest general households,but the scale efficiency of livestock farming of poverty-free households is higher than that of poverty households.From the stage of scale compensation,most farmers are in the stage of increasing scale compensation.Whether it is poultry farming or livestock farming,their scale returns are in an increasing stage.It can be seen that increasing factor input can achieve higher scale benefits of the breeding.(2)Analysis results of influencing factorsFirst,from the analysis of the influencing factors of planting and aquaculture of all farmers,we can see that in southwest mountainous areas,the cost of agricultural industry can significantly improve industrial efficiency.The impact of industrial cost input on the efficiency of planting and aquaculture is much higher than that of labor input and land input.In addition,the effect of industrial cost input on farming efficiency is higher than that of planting industry,and the effect of labor input and land input on farming efficiency is much higher than that of farming industry.Therefore,in the process of poverty alleviation,more investment should be made in seeds,fertilizers,seedlings and feed of poor households to promote industrial efficiency.At the same time,labor and land investment should be increased appropriately in planting industry,and industrial cost investment should be increased in the breeding industry.The age of the head of household has a negative impact on the efficiency of planting and breeding,which may be related to the age structure of farmers' aging.Men are more efficient in agricultural production.The rural roads in southwest mountainous areas have an important impact on the efficiency of agricultural industry.Industrial assistance plays a very important role in improving the efficiency of agricultural industry,especially for those responsible,and it plays a greater role in improving the efficiency of agricultural industry.This also shows that poor households help the responsible people is an important manifestation of precision poverty alleviation,which also indicates the rational and effective poverty alleviation in southwest mountainous areas.Secondly,according to the analysis of the influencing factors of the planting efficiency of different types of farmers,it can be seen that the impact of planting cost input on the planting efficiency of different attributes of the farmer is the largest for poor households,followed by poverty-free households,and the smallest for general farmers.The effect of labor input on planting efficiency of different attributes of the farmer is the greatest,followed by ordinary farmers and the smallest among poor households.Among the impacts of land area,it has the greatest impact on poor households,followed by ordinary households,and the smallest impact on poverty-free households.Altitude and precipitation in natural geographical environment generally have a negative impact on cropping efficiency of different types of farmers,while temperature has a positive impact.Among the characteristics of head of household,age has a weak negative impact on different types of farmer's planting,while male head of household has a significant positive impact on farmer's planting efficiency.Infrastructure construction has basically the same effect on the three types of farmers.Thirdly,according to the analysis of the factors affecting the efficiency of farming industry of different types of farmers,we can see that industrial input,i.e.the cost of farming industry,labor input and land input,has a significant positive impact on poor households,poverty-free households and general farmers.Among them,the impact of aquaculture cost and labor input on the efficiency of aquaculture of poor households and poverty-free households is much higher than that of ordinary households.The impact of land input on farming efficiency of poor households is higher than that of poverty-free households and general households.The effects of natural conditions on the farming efficiency of three types of farmers are basically the same.The altitude and precipitation have a negative impact on the farming efficiency,while temperature has a positive impact on the farming efficiency.The impact of household owner characteristics on the efficiency of three types of farmer farming is also basically the same.Male head of household is helpful to improve the efficiency of aquaculture.Infrastructure construction has the same effect on three types of farmers.Among them,the time to villages and towns has a negative impact on the efficiency of three types of farmer farming,while the density of village roads has a significant positive impact.(3)Spatial analysis and input-output analysis resultsFirstly,the efficiency distribution of different types of agricultural industry presents a spatial equilibrium state,without obvious spatial aggregation characteristics.Targeted poverty reduction improves the industrial efficiency of poor households and poverty-free households,but on the whole,it has not yet formed the trend of industrial agglomeration in geographical space,which has affected the improvement of scale efficiency in industrial development to a certain extent,which indicates that there are some limitations in the production of small farmers in industrial poverty alleviation,such as limited labor force,limited investment in area and so on.Therefore,it is more advantageous to improve the scale efficiency to consider the new management mode such as "farmer +".Secondly,according to the input-output situation of each agricultural industry type,most farmers belong to the input redundancy-no-output deficiency type.There are two kinds of theoretical understandings about this: one is output-oriented,that is,reducing factor input can improve industrial efficiency while maintaining the existing output unchanged,and at this time,saving input cost can improve industrial efficiency;the other is input-oriented,that is,in the stage of increasing returns to scale,optimizing factor allocation proportion and expanding factor input scale can improve industrial efficiency,at this point through the expansion of scale to obtain economies of scale.Look from the scale reward of different type agriculture industry,scale efficiency of four types of the agricultural industry are still in the stage of increasing returns,means increasing scale of elements can improve efficiency,increase their income,but at the same time,most farmers are without redundant state,output shortage of inputs means reducing inputs can also enhance industry efficiency,save the production cost,but after the integrated balance the benefits of both think under the premise of increasing inputs,optimize the distribution of elements,by improving the efficiency of scale to achieve economies of scale biggest help to raise the income of farmers.Thirdly,according to the spatial distribution characteristics and input-output status of different types of agricultural industry efficiency,the optimization strategies for improving the efficiency of various types of agricultural industry are put forward.Innovations of the paper include: 1)Empirical test of the difference of poverty alleviation efficiency of different types and levels of agricultural industry in the study area by using the parametric test and non-parametric test of classical statistics;2)As an important part of precise poverty alleviation,industrial poverty alleviation is of great significance to the sustained and stable poverty alleviation of the rural poor.In this paper,large sample data were used to reveal the efficiency differences and spatial distribution rules of different agricultural industries at different levels and types,and the optimization strategies were put forward;3)Drawing on the core ideas of grounded theory,try to build a theoretical framework for improving the efficiency of agricultural industry poverty alleviation,enrich and improve the relevant theory of industrial poverty alleviation.4)In terms of result analysis,the mixed research method is adopted to analyze the results,which is more authentic.