U.S. POLICY TOWARD CHINA, 1912 TO PRESENT EMPHASIZING BUREAUCRATIC LEVEL ANALYSIS, PARTICULARLY SINCE 1936, OF BOTH NATIONALIST AND COMMUNIST MOVEMENTS (UNITED STATES)

During the middle 1960's, worsening Sino-Soviet relations led many scholars to research Sino-American relations, generally to the period of the Korean War. Some were also concerned about future relations. Following the Nixon-China policy, the need for reassessment became urgent. This study concentrates on the historical development of American policy toward both Chinas. Trained in both history and political science research, I have focused on the bureaucratic level of analysis, combined with historical analysis.; In Chapter 1, the research explains the background before 1912. Chapter 2 concentrates on "recognition," and "protection" policy, 1912-1928. This was the first period of developing mutual advantage and the beginning of the treaty revisions. Chapter 3 covers the "Stimson Doctrine" and the containment of Japan, 1929-1940. This reveals how American policy shifted from isolationism to involvement in Asia, and closer understanding of both Kuomintang and Communist movements. Chapter 4 covers American wartime China policy, 1941-1945. During the Franklin Delano Roosevelt administration, the United States showed increased concern about China and extended aid to China. The various American missions are dealt with in detail. Chapter 5, on the China civil war period, 1945-1949 describes the dilemma of U.S.-China policy making and the resulting policy attempts to achieve the unification of China, and policies of both intervention and non-intervention. Chapter 6 covers the changes from neutrality to support of Taiwan and non-recognition of the People's Republic, and the new "containment policy" adopted later. In Chapter 7, the study analyzes the parallel non-recognition of People's Republic of China and support of Taiwan (1955-1963). Chapter 8 discusses the United States developing relations with Peking, 1964-1972, the Nixon trip, and the resulting withdrawal of recognition from Taiwan. In Chapter 9, the China Quandary, 1973-1985, there is a discussion of the developing U.S.-P.R.C. reconciliation, difficult Taiwan issues, and an analysis of present policy. In the final chapter, a summary and conclusion are developed.