Pre-positioning,Allocation And Scheduling Of Emergency Resources For Chemical Industrial Parks Of Concentrated Areas

In recent decades,more.and more chemical industrial parks(CIPs)have been established in China.These CIPs not only promoted the regional economic development,but also brought a series of security problems.There are a large number of flammable,explosive or toxic hazardous chemicals stored in CIPs resulting in a large number of hazard installations(HIs).Coupled with the harsh production conditions and complex processes of chemical industry,as well as the imperfect safety planning of CIPs in China,many accidents occurred every year and often caused a large number of casualties and economic losses.In addition,due to the large number and dense distribution of HIs in the CEP,the happened accident is easy to spread as domino effect.Domino effect will make the accident scale expand rapidly and cause more serious accident consequences.Emergency management mainly includes emergency preparation before the accident and emergency response after the accident,such as the pro-positioning,allocation and scheduling of emergency resources.Adopting scientific emergency management method can effectively reduce the accident losses.However,due to the particularity of accidents in CIPs,the existing emergency management methods that were mainly proposed for natural disasters cannot be directly applied.In the area where a large number of CIPs are established,that can be called a CIPs concentrated area,the emergency management for those CIPs of concentrated areas should be also studied specially.In a CIPs concentrated area,huge geographical space and a large number of CIPs will put forward new requirements for the technology of emergency management.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the technology of emergency management for accidents in CIPs of concentrated areas.Emergency resources are the guarantee and material basis of emergency management.The management and classification of emergency resources are also the basis of emergency management.Therefore,the first research direction of this paper is to classify the emergency resources in CIPs of concentrated areas according to multiple classification attributes:function,the layer of protection and the supplying priority for various accident types,based on the characteristics of accidents in CIPs of concentrated areas and the needs of emergency management.Using the hybrid classification method,a classification system that can store several important factors of emergency response of emergency resources with the unique classification code is proposed.In this work,the classification object is not the traditional type of emergency resources,but the attributes including the storage location and type that is called the species of emergency resources.The hybrid classification of emergency resources can help quickly retrieval which emergency resources should be supplied and where they are after an accident happening.Therefore,the hybrid classification method of emergency resources proposed in this paper is of great significance to improve the efficiency of emergency management in CIPs of concentrated areas.The pre-positioning of emergency resources is one of the key contents of emergency preparedness before the accident,that is,the reserve decision of emergency resources,which includes the storage location and inventory decisions.Reasonable pre-positioning strategy of emergency resources can improve the efficiency of emergency resources arriving at the accident site after the accident happening,to effectively reduce the accident losses.The Yangtze River Delta of China is a large area where many CIPs are established.According to the distributing characteristics of demand points in this area,a mathematical model of hierarchical pre-positioning of emergency resources is proposed to ensure that accidents in all CIPs in this area can be responded timely and effectively.Considering accident domino effect and aiming at minimizing the total cost,the model gives optimal decisions of pre-positioning emergency resources,including the storage location and inventory decisions.The hierarchical pre-positioning method greatly reduces the total cost in the premise of sufficient preparation for supplying emergency resources.Finally,in a visual graph of the Yangtze River Delta,the model is applied and the result shows its applicability.The strategy of allocation and scheduling of emergency resources refers to how to efficiently transport the emergency resources from the known depots to the accident site to participating in various tasks to reduce the accident losses.Accidents in CIPs can result in mass casualties and the risk may escalate due to domino effect.However,most of the existing models of emergency logistics do not account for domino effect and may be unsuitable for emergency response to accidents in CIPs.This paper presents a mathematical model proposed for optimal assignments of allocating and scheduling emergency resources for rescuing victims and preventing accident spreading simultaneously.The characteristics about the accident scenario and available emergency resources are important information that can affect the efficiency of emergency response,which are focused on by the model as input variables and constraints.The efficiency of emergency response is evaluated by the total number of fatalities and the amount of losses caused by domino effect that are cooperated in the optimal objective of the model.Besides,the model incorporates dynamic functions to deal with the variation of the accident scenario.A numerical case study was conducted by solving the model using a designed heuristic algorithm.The result showed the applicability and reliability of the proposed model for making optimal assignments for emergency response to accidents in CIPs.The purpose of this paper is to study classification,pre-positioning,allocation and scheduling of emergency resources based on the particularity of the accident in CIPs of concentrated areas,of which the aims are all to improve the efficiency of emergency response thus to reduce the accident losses in CIPs.