| In recent years,market-determined price mechanism has been gradually improved in China,the government's price control has been loosened and the main position of railway transport enterprises in participating in market competition has been fully reflected.At the same time,with the acceleration of the adjustment of industrial structure and the continuous optimization of the cargo transport structure,the "road to rail" policy is also moving forward.It is necessary for railway enterprises to adjust freight pricing methods and strategies while making full use of freight pricing authority in combination with the current policy situation and the development trend of transportation market.This paper pay attention to the optimization of the railway freight pricing from the perspective of improving economic efficiency of railway enterprise and introduced the multiple two-part tariff method into the field of railway freight pricing.By analyzing the current railway freight pricing system,this paper put forward a two-step multiple twopart tariff model(TMTPT)of railway freight pricing based on the characteristics of freight operation and transportation demand.From external and internal perspectives,this paper studied the impact of the pricing model on other departments and railway enterprises,and put forward a dynamically adjusted railway freight price management strategy.The research results not only provide theoretical and methodical references for the formulation of railway freight rates,but also provide strategic suggestions for the adjustment of pricing strategy,optimization of railway freight pricing system,and improvement of freight operation income of railway transport enterprises.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Research on the optimization of railway freight system was carried out.Around the railway freight management system,price forming mechanism,the pricing basis,differential pricing structure,this paper put forward that the focus of railway freight price reform is to improve pricing method.(2)Research on the improvement of railway freight pricing forms and pricing methods was carried out.On the premise of the goal of maximizing the profit of railway enterprises,this paper improved the pricing method and put forward a TMTPT model of railway freight pricing based on the difference of transportation demand and the process of railway freight operation.And welfare analysis method was used to test and prove the rationality of TMTPT model.The TMTPT method can meet the optimization needs of the current railway freight rate system,and improve the pricing method and differential pricing,which can help reduce the loss of social welfare,enhance the market competitiveness of railway transportation enterprises and realize the fairness to shippers.(3)Study on the impact of price level changes based on TMTPT was carried out.This paper investigated the influence effect of railway freight price on national economy by input-output price influence model,and investigated the linkage between railway and road freight price under market competition environment by VAR theory.The results showed that the change of railway freight price had a wide effect on national economy,but the overall effect was relatively small.The road freight price produced continuous and small strength of the reverse impact.(4)Study on railway freight pricing based on TMTPT was carried out.This paper analyzed and tested the difference of freight transport demand by the demand function and demand elasticity,and studied and designed the railway freight price valuation steps and the design scheme of freight rate table by category to put forward the railway freight price management method which can be adjusted dynamically.Possible innovations of this paper include:(1)This paper designed and constructed a TMTPT model,which can be applied to the railway freight pricing,and was the research and application extension of the multiple two-part tariff theory in the field of railway freight.(2)This paper empirically tested the influence of railway freight price on national economy,and provided a new basis for price adjustment and implementation of floating strategy,which was a supplement to the research on impact of railway freight price.(3)This paper analyzed and verified the interaction between railway and road freight price,which provided research reference for the development and innovation of railway freight pricing strategy.(4)This paper analyzed and discussed the influence of freight pricing and pricing method reform on the price management of railway enterprises,and put forward a twostage compound pricing scheme which break through the existing limit of freight price number and carried out fine pricing according to the name and category of goods,which provided a new way for railway enterprises to marketization.There are 18 figures,24 tables and 125 references in total. |
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