The Research On Market Socialism Theory Of “Sik Model”

The development process of market socialism is an indispensable and important part in the history of socialist thought in the whole world.Especially,a series of theoretical exploration and reform practice of market socialism carried out by the former Soviet Union and the socialist countries of Eastern Europe from the 1930 s to the 1990 s are constantly evolving to all kinds of socialist economic reform models on the basis of inheriting and developing Marxist political economy theory.They have made positive contributions to the international communist movement,and have important historical reference basis and realistic enlightenment significance for the establishment and development process of socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics.Among the theoretical models of market socialism in all Eastern European countries in the last century,the "Sik Model" market socialism theory has its unique historical position and theoretical value,and has played an important guiding role in the economic reform process of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.In the spring of1968,the "Prague Spring" economic reform practice movement in Czechoslovakia was based on the "socialist planned market economy theory" designed by Ota Sik,who was the chairman of the central economic reform committee of the Czech Communist Party at that time,as the theoretical guidance and practical program,it implemented the macro income distribution plan of the national economy by giving full play to the role of the market mechanism,change the sluggish and stagnant state of the domestic economy,try to break away from the heavy formalism shackles of the rigid Soviet model and the highly centralized mandatory planning system,and explore another socialist road suitable for the economic development of Czechoslovakia on its actual conditions.However,due to the limitations of the theory itself and the constraints of objective conditions,as well as the instability of the situation at home and abroad,this economic reform practice with great influence and breakthrough on the international communist movement was finally suppressed and strangled by the Soviet government and the military forces of other Warsaw Pact countries,and had to end in failure.Although the failure of the "Prague Spring" has become history,the advanced thinking and breakthrough progress contained in the market socialism theory of "Sik Model" is also a fact that can not be erased.In particular,Sik's core contents,such as making macro income distribution plan of socialist national economy on the basis of market mechanism,as well as the independence of enterprise's self-management,are of valuable reference significance and research compared with the former "Lange Model" and the later theoretical models of market socialism,as well as the socialist market economic system with Chinese characteristics Research value.In fact,the fundamental reason is that the historical limitations of "Sik Model" are not only theoretical defects,but also that Czechoslovakia at that time was still unable to get rid of all kinds of shackles of the socialist camp with the Soviet Union as the first under the bipolar world pattern formed after the end of the second world war,even if only the reform measures in the economic field,because the Soviet government was extremely sensitive and distorted to the tendency of political change,it was almost impossible to achieve an innovative breakthrough in economic reform under such political pressure,which could only enlarge and highlight the potential utopian nature and idealism of the "Sik Model".Based on the systematic study of "Sik Model" market socialism theory and the practical process of socialist market economic system reform with Chinese characteristics,this paper attempts to provide some theoretical value and practical inspiration for the reform and development problems faced by the high-quality development direction of China's economy and the long-term goal of modern economic system in the new era.Specifically,the paper contains six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction,which briefly describes the background and significance of this study,the overview of domestic and foreign research,research methods and ideas,innovation and deficiencies.Among them,it mainly introduces the current research situation of "Sik Model" market socialism theory by domestic and foreign experts and scholars from macroscopic angle,because a lot of relevant literature and works,a comprehensive and systematic discussion of the research object is particularly critical and necessary premise.The second chapter mainly reviews the historical background and ideological origin of "Sik Model".When expounding the historical background of "Sik Model",this paper firstly gives a brief overview of the economic situation of Czechoslovakia before and after the Second World War.Then,it is pointed out that the failure of the third "five-year plan" is the main reason for the urgent need for domestic economy reform,which leads to the necessity and consequences of the "Prague Spring" economic reform movement with the Czech Communist Party.In tracing back to the ideological origin of "Sik Model",it mainly focus on the price theory,reproduction theory and distribution according to work theory in Marxist political economy,as well as the income distribution system in "Lange Model" which is based on the public ownership of socialist means of production,the socialist central plan simulating competitive market and distribution according to work as the main body,and social dividend distribution system detailed analysis.The third chapter focuses on the main contents and essential characteristics of "Sik Model".Among them,the main contents include: discussing the market mechanism in the socialist economy from three aspects: the informatization and benefit of production and investment,opposing the exploitation of monopoly profits and setting the price of free competition;analyzing the macro distribution plan of the national economy from three aspects: the difference between the macro balance and the micro balance,the reliability prediction of production and the constraint plan of distribution;it should be reflected in the decision-making power of production and investment and the control of operating profits,and the independence of socialist enterprises should be expounded.The essential characteristics mainly include two aspects: the contradiction of economic interests under the socialist conditions needs market mechanism regulation and utilization plan;the "third way" of combining market and workers' autonomy.The fourth chapter is to analyze the similarities and differences between "Lange Model" and "Sik Model" by comparative analysis,and further explain the progress and improvement of "Sik Model" compared with "Lange Model".Among them,the commonness is mainly reflected in three aspects: the market socialist economic model with public ownership as the premise,the effective allocation of resources under the socialist system,and the formulation of reform measures all involve the role of market mechanism.The differences are reflected in the following aspects: the understanding of the functional category of central planning,the views on the formation of market price,and the view of the role of market mechanism in resource allocation.Through comparison,we find that "Sik Model" is a further development and Transcendence of "Lange Model",which is mainly reflected in that Sik not only advocates the labor union of "capital neutrality" and the market mechanism under the macro distribution plan,but also advocates that the absolute monopoly of the state should be eliminated to ensure the establishment of free competitive market prices.The fifth chapter is an objective analysis of "Sik Model" reflected in the theoretical value,progressive and historical limitations.First,the theoretical value of "Sik Model" includes: inheriting and developing Marxist economic theory,making an important breakthrough to the traditional view of ownership of means of production,and providing a new direction and way for the development of market socialism theory.Secondly,the significance of "Sik Model" is in the following aspects: it is conducive to removing the drawbacks of the rigid Soviet model,to getting rid of the shadow of the economic crisis,and to realizing the smooth transition from radical reform.Third,the historical limitations of "Sik Model" are as follows: the highly centralized planned economy and political pressure under the leadership of the Soviet model,the neglect of the substantial relationship between socialist ownership and commodity economy,and the immature conditions and opportunities for launching economic reform movement.The content of sixth chapter is intended to summarize the important enlightenment of "Sik Model" to the reform and development of socialist market economy system with Chinese characteristics.First of all,we should balance the advantages and disadvantages of central planning management and market mechanism.We should not only strictly resist the corruption of absolutization,centralization and monopolization of government power,further improve the decisive role of market in the allocation of resources,but also correctly handle the relationship between government and market under the socialist system.Second,we should open up to the outside world at a higher level and open up a win-win development pattern of cooperation.We must accelerate the construction of a new open economic system with higher standards,adhere to the integration of the world economy under the premise of peace and development,and advance the unique advantages of building the Belt and Road with high quality.Third,we should scientifically understand the relationship between fairness and efficiency in the socialist income distribution system.We should correctly treat the dialectical relationship between the contradiction and unity of fairness and efficiency,and always adhere to the people-centered development thought and the grand goal of common prosperity,and improve the socialist distribution system from the perspective of shared development concept.