| Employment is the basis of the livelihood of the people, especially the employment of university graduates, which has an huge influence on the sustainable development. From 1999 to 2009, the yearly average increasing rate of university recruitment of students achieves 19.26%, the highest year reaches 47.9%.The rapid increase brings the enormous influence. In the reality, graduate's employment present "unemployment" and "downward employment" phenomenon, Lots of dissertation discuss this question. Massive literatures concentrate on the phenomenon description as well as the reason exploration. The angles of views are very simple. Moreover, they often discuss "the unemployment question" and "over-education" separately. In fact, the graduate employment system not only include the graduates and the company, but also include the university. Because the university has huge influence on graduate employment market supply.As a result, in this paper, we make the "university" variable insert with the graduate employment system, which make the disperse researches integrated and analyze the commonsense of criticizing of higher education.Moreover, we analyze characteristics of the new systems and try to use the idea of "natural unemployment rate" to classify the problem of graduate employment into two categories, namely "natural" Non-balanced situation and "unnatural" Non-balanced situation.Actually,the Non-balanced situation of graduate employment includes "visible" non-balanced situation,namely "graduate unemployment" and "invisible" non-balanced situation, namely "over-education and under-education"?In addition, this dissertation firstly analyze the dynamic evolved relations between higher education and labor market demand, which shows the relation is affected by the development of society and social idea and social job-idea.The angles of graduate employment research are often concentrated on the supply-side, in this paper, we focus on the demand-side. The data shows that the graduate-job in our country increased a little, which makes the graduate unemployment problem seriously. So, changing the industry structure may be the direct way of solving the graduate unemployment problem.The Beijing questionnaire investigating also shows that there are problems of "over-education" and "under-education" in Beijing. But different ways shows different data.For the history of higher education enlargement in other European countries are longer than our country, they develop some effective action and polices in dealing with the connecting the supply and demand. Such as "employability" class model in the Universities and the policy of developing entrepreneurship education. According to the analysis of our country's situation,In order to connect effectively of the higher education and labor market demand, our government must focus on these:adhere to the concept of human capital investment. Future trends and the global environment requires our country to prepare the appropriate talents, which is the basis of the competing in the global competition and the sustainable development of our society; Secondly, the adjustment of industrial structure is the key for solving the University employment of students. Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship policies and effective implementation is the fundamental solution to this problem. Again, The most main question of higher education is not "over-education", but is "under-education", this kind of education insufficient mainly displays the insufficiency in ability and skill. Along with labor market's dynamic change as well as working's transformation, future labor market will regard the general ability more and more. As a result, the higher education's reform still should pay attention to raising the student quality, ability. |
PDF Full Text Request