Study On The Undergraduate Majors Setting Of Universities In China

In the critical stage of Chinese higher education to fully promote the construction of "double first-class" and accelerate the realization of intensive development,improving the quality of talent cultivation,especially the quality of undergraduate education,is the fundamental task of the reform and development of higher education.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,higher education in our country has begun to design the teaching system with majors setting as the core,and the majors are always regarded as the basic unit of the undergraduate talent cultivation in universities.It directly determines the status and role of majors setting in undergraduate education.However,for a long time,influenced by the internal and external environmental changes such as the expansion of China's higher education and the development of the market economic system,the undergraduate majors setting in China have always shown a certain degree of randomness and blindness,and have not been effectively solved so far.As the main part which takes the responsibility of elite education in the era of popularization,the research university has played an important leading and demonstrating role for other types of colleges and universities.Therefore,study on the undergraduate majors setting of research universities is of great significance for improving the quality of overall undergraduate education in China.In this regard,this paper takes research universities as the starting point to make a system research on the undergraduate majors setting of the university.The ultimate goal is to provide corresponding arguments and countermeasures for the optimization path of undergraduate majors setting in research universities and the improvement of undergraduate talent training quality in China.In order to achieve this goal,it mainly uses the methods of literature research,text analysis,data analysis and interview survey,and Based on the two-way construction of practice and theory,this paper mainly divided into three aspects:rational cognition,empirical research and theoretical discussion.Firstly,at the level of rational cognition,through the problem proposal,literature review and research design,this paper analyzes the connotation of undergraduate majors setting in universities,and summed it up as a crisscross system.Vertically speaking,undergraduate majors setting in universities include two aspects:process and result.That is,a complete and systematic undergraduate majors setting in universities includes the whole process from a major generation to its construction and development Horizontally speaking,the undergraduate majors setting in universities show the unity of objective attributes and subjective values.That is to say,the scientific and rational undergraduate majors setting in universities have the dual characteristics of "the sum of relevant logical characteristics" and "the adaptability of power and demand of various stakeholders".Moreover,the adaptability of the subject's power and demand to the undergraduate majors setting in universities is interacted and unified with the sum of its multi-logical characteristics,and is reflected through the process and results of the undergraduate majors setting.Therefore,this study will summarize the rational cognition of undergraduate majors setting in universities as follows:undergraduate majors setting in universities are the unity of process and result;undergraduate majors setting in universities should follow the coordination and unity of multiple logic;undergraduate majors setting in universities should take into account the unity of power and demand of stakeholders.On this basis,through the analysis of the logical historical evolution and basic demands of majors setting,as well as the inspection of the power and demand of various stakeholders of majors setting,the rational cognition is analyzed concretely.Secondly,at the level of empirical research,based on the above-mentioned rational cognition of undergraduate majors setting in universities,this study mainly carries out practical analysis on the implementation of undergraduate majors setting in research universities from two aspects of the process and results of majors setting.In terms of its process,it mainly includes three aspects of determining the content of undergraduate majors,designing the mode of majors setting and allocating the powers of all subjects,that is which major to set,how to set the major and who sets the major.The study found that the undergraduate majors setting of research universities in China is mainly a process of state behavior based on "unified management,graded filing or approval".In this process,although universities have a certain right to speak in the design of majors setting patterns,they still cannot surpass the leading role of the government,and the main body of society and the students is in a relatively neglected state;As far as the result of undergraduate majors setting,it mainly includes two aspects that are the state of major structure layout and the state of major connotation construction.The study found that both the static and dynamic state of the number of undergraduate majors in research universities,the external and internal structure ofundergraduate majors'layout,and the cognitive state of students to various majors and their courses show that each university pay more attention to the adjustment of major structure than to the construction of major connotation.Thirdly,at the level of theoretical discussion,through the practical research on the process and results of undergraduate majors setting in research universities,this paper summarizes its basic features into the following points:The undergraduate majors setting management system shows obvious uniformity and planning characteristics;Undergraduate major layout and structure show strong stability and convergence characteristics;Undergraduate curriculum settings show strong specialization and formalization characteristics.According to the analysis of its characteristics,this paper believes that the particularity of its undergraduate majors setting has not been fully exerted compared with the elite goal of undergraduate talent cultivition in research universities.Based on the above analysis,this study makes a theoretical reflection on the nature of the problems behind the undergraduate majors setting of research universities in China from the academic level through the feature surface.It mainly points out that there is certain historical inertia in the reform of undergraduate majors setting system in research universities;there is a certain degree of imbalance and conflict between the multiple logic of undergraduate majors setting;there is a certain mandatory fragmentation in the interest relationship of undergraduate majors setting.According to the research findings,this study starts from the essential connotation of major as a combination of courses to cultivate talents.Based on the rationality of"weakening major and strengthening curriculum",combining the elite goals of undergraduate talent cultivation in research universities.It is mainly proposed that research universities should adjust the major value orientation,dilute the undergraduate major structure,and strengthen the undergraduate curriculum from three aspects:clarifying the concept of talentcultivation,perfecting the major management system,and innovating the talent cultivation model.