Research On The Effect Of Technological Progress On The Employment Of Migrant Workers

Since the financial crisis,with the appreciation of the RMB,due to the increasingly fierce international competition,rising labor costs and rising raw material prices,the traditional labor-intensive industries have lost their competitive advantages,and the regions have developed Industrial Transformation and Upgrading of technology-intensive features.With the rapid advancement of technology,the income gap within the labor force caused by the complementarity of technology and high-skilled labor has become one of the hot issues in the field of economics.As an important force in the labor market,migrant workers have made important contributions to China's economic and social development.Every policy change and social and economic changes have also profoundly affected the employment and income of migrant workers.In recent years,the homogeneity of the internal groups of migrant workers has been weakening,the heterogeneity has been continuously enhanced,and the internal skill premium has become increasingly fierce.As the main providing group of low-skilled labor,under the background of technological progress,influenced by the urban-rural dual system of China's labor market,it has certain speciality for post adaptability.This particularity is finally reflected in the income level,which in turn affects the path and way of peasant workers' resource development,and then ultimately affect the advancement of industrial transformation and upgrading.Therefore,the technological progress caused by the large-scale industrial upgrading after the financial crisis as a node is the background of research,and the research on the employment and income of migrant workers will have certain significance.Therefore,this paper raises the following question: Does technological advancement have an impact on the income of migrant workers,and is there a skill premium? How does technological progress affect the employment of migrant workers and ultimately reflect their income? This article explores this issue.This paper follows the analysis of "theoretical analysis-empirical research-policy recommendations",starting from the skill premium of migrant workers caused by technological progress,ending in the promoting of the matching of migrant workers with employment positions.Setting the provincial macro data,combined with the Micro Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS),the research methods of normative analysis,comparative analysis and empirical analysis are implemented.In the theoretical part,based on the theoretical and technical complementarity of technology-biased technology advancement,this paper analyzes the impact mechanism of technological progress on the internal employment of migrant workers from a macro perspective and a micro perspective,and analyzes how technological progress has affected the employment needs of migrant workers,and how to change the employment choices of heterogeneous migrant workers,ultimately affecting the income level of migrant workers.In the empirical analysis part,starting from the macroscopic perspective,this paper depicts the basic characteristics and trends of migrant workers' employment and income during the period of industrial transformation and upgrading,and empirically analyzes the impact of technological progress on the employment structure of migrant workers.From the microscopic perspective,the paper empirically analyzes the changes in the effects of individual micro-features on post characteristic variable,influenced by technological progress.And the changes in the effects of post characteristic variable and individual micro-features on income of migrant workers,influenced by technological progress.Finally,by analyzing the influence of technological progress and employment positions and individual micro-features on the income of migrant workers,the post premium level and skill premium level caused by technological progress are obtained.The main conclusions of this paper are summarized as follows:(1)Under the theoretical framework of skill biased technological progress,the mechanism of the impact of technological progress on labor employment and income is as follows: First,technological progress has changed the demand structure of employment.Technological progress has changed the human capital threshold of some jobs,changing the complementary relationship between technology and skills,which ultimately led to changes in the income of jobs and laborers with different skill levels.Second,technological progress changed the employment choice of heterogeneous labor through the ?market friction effect? and ?corrosion effect? in the matching process of labor and jobs.Finally,the change in the structure of employment demand and the change in employment choices for heterogeneous labor are ultimately reflected in the income level of the labor force.(2)Descriptive analysis of the basic characteristics of technological progress,employment and income of migrant workers.This paper uses “industry stratification method ? ?occupation stratification method? and ?job stratification method?to descriptively analyze the basic characteristics of migrant workers' employment and income.First,using the ?industry stratification method?,it is found that the industries engaged by migrant workers are mainly concentrated in low-end industries and mid-end industries.From 2011 to 2016,the industrial structure of migrant workers showed a trend of ?downgrade?,but the relative growth of industrial income showed a trend of ?upgrading?.Second,using the ?occupational stratification method?,it is found that the occupations engaged by migrant workers are mainly concentrated in low-end occupations and high-end occupations.From 2011 to 2016,the occupational structure of migrant workers showed a trend of ?polarization?,and the relative growth of occupational income also showed a trend of ?polarization?.Third,using the job stratification method,it is found that the jobs engaged by migrant workers are mainly concentrated in low-end jobs and high-end jobs.From 2011 to 2016,the job structure of migrant workers showed a trend of ?downgrade?,and the relative growth of job income also showed a trend of ?downgrade?.Further research on the employment of heterogeneous labor in the jobs found that between 2011 and 2016,the employment boundary of low-skilled migrant workers decreased,and the employment boundary of middle-skilled and highly-skilled migrant workers expanded.Among them,the adjustment of employment boundaries of different skilled labor in the high-end positions is the most severe.Further research on the average income of the post-heterogeneous labor found that within all positions,the average income of middle-skilled and highly-skilled migrant workers increased significantly,exceeding the average of income of low-skilled migrant workers.it indicates that the employment boundary of different skills within jobs of migrant workers is positively correlated with the average income level.(3)From the macroscopic perspective,the empirical results of technological progress,employment and income of migrant workers have found that technological progress has led to a trend of ?downgrade? of job structure,the proportion of high-end jobs has decreased,and the proportion of low-end and mid-level positions have increased.The decomposition results show that the contribution rate of technological progress to the change of job structure is more obvious in high-end jobs,and it shows a continuous upward trend.In addition,technological advancement not only caused the reorganization of jobs' boundaries,but also caused the reorganization of different skill labor.In the process of reorganization,technological progress led to the replacement of medium-skilled labor with high-skilled and low-skilled labor within the job of various technical levels.(4)From the microscopic perspective,the empirical results of technological progress,individual micro-characteristics and the choice of migrant workers' jobs find that technological progress will significantly reduce the probability of new generation of migrant workers entering middle-level and high-end positions.However,in the entry of high-end jobs,technological progress has intensified gender discrimination.Technological progress has promoted a trend of ?polarization? of jobs structure for middle-skilled migrant workers,and promoted a trend of ?upgrade? of jobs structure for high-skilled migrant workers,and promoted a trend of ?downgrade? of jobs structure for experienced migrant workers.The impact of technological progress on skill levels exceed the impact of workers' experience.Technological progress will reduce the positive impact of social relations in finding jobs.Specifically,technological progress reduces the probability of entering in mid-end and high-end positions of migrant workers who rely on local friends,rely on family/relatives,and rely on their hometown/student to find jobs.Technological progress will increase the probability of entering mid-level positions of migrant workers who rely on government departments/social agencies to find jobs.Technological advancement has promoted a trend of ?polarization? of jobs structure of migrant workers with superior family economic conditions.(5)From the microscopic perspective,the empirical results of technological progress,individual micro-characteristics and the income of migrant workers found that both mid-level and high-end positions have significantly increased the income level of migrant workers.The effect of high-end jobs on the income of migrant workers is much greater than that of mid-level jobs.This effect is especially evident in areas with rapid technological progress.Migrant workers with medium skill level and high skill level have significantly improved the income level of migrant workers.The high-skilled income of migrant workers is much more effective than the middle-level skills.Only in areas with rapid technological advancement,there will be obvious skill premiums.This shows that technological advances have ultimately resulted in a job premium and skill premium for migrant workers.The income gap between migrant workers in areas with faster technological progress and slower technological progress mainly comes from characteristic differences,accounting for 58.81%,that is to say,Migrant workers in areas with better technological progress have better endowments,which is the main reason for the differences of income gap.The coefficient difference can only explain 41.19% of the total difference,reflecting the degree of discrimination in the labor market in areas with faster technological progress and slower technological progress.After further analyzing the contribution of the main explanatory variables to the income gap of migrant workers in the two regions,it is found that although there are differences in factor endowments between the two regions,post characteristic variables,individual characteristic variables,human capital variables and social capital variables are mainly influenced by the difference in coefficient characteristics accounting the total income gap of migrant workers.Technological progress has changed the impact of migrant workers' job variables and individual micro-characteristics on income.Technological advances have increased the income level of mid-level and high-end positions,and technological advances have increased the benefits of high-end positions beyond mid-level positions.In areas with slower technological advances,rapid upgrading of technology levels can significantly increase the income level of high-end jobs,thereby reducing the gap in job yields in areas with faster technological advances.In addition,technological advances have also changed the effect of individual characteristic variables on income levels.Technological advances will increase the income level of middle-skilled and highly skilled migrant workers.Technological advances can increase the income level of migrant workers with rich work experience,and this effect is more pronounced in areas where technological progress is faster.In areas where technology advances rapidly,technological advances will reduce the positive impact of social relationships on income levels,but in areas with slower technological advances,technological advances can increase the positive impact of social relationships on income levels.Technological advances will reduce the positive impact of family background on income levels.