Embarrassed Public Spirits

The public spirits and its education are important issues concerning the harmonious development of modern society and the participation of individuals as citizens in public life.As the basic component of public education in our country,schools in the stage of basic education have the responsibility to cultivate students' public spirits.Therefore,no matter for society,times or individuals,it is of great significance to study the current public spiritual education.Therefore,this study takes the development of students' public spirits and its education as the main research content,and discusses the development and education of students' public spirits in school life,as well as the underlying problems,causes and essence.This study took Min Zhu primary school(anonymous),an ordinary public primary school in the Huawen district(anonymous)of Shanghai,as the field point,and the teachers and students of class 5(2)as the main research object.The qualitative research method was adopted to conduct the field research for nearly a year.In this study,various research materials were collected through participatory observation,formal or informal interviews,field notes recording,and text tracing of field points,etc.,and the research materials were sorted and coded by thematic analysis method.This research takes virtue ethics,life-world theory and sociological field theory as the theoretical basis.The analytical framework of this study includes two dimensions.The first dimension is the understanding of the public spirits.According to the logic of the development of the public spirits,the individual public spirits includes the understanding and acceptance of the rules and requirements of the external world,the formation of the subjective consciousness,as well as the quality of the subject's public communication and the quality of public participation.The secondary dimension is the understanding of school life,which is divided into regular life,learning life,public communication life and public participation life.The study analyzes the students' public spirits and their educational status from a certain life field.The paper consists of seven chapters.The introduction describes the research background,research questions,core concepts and literature review.The first chapter introduces the theoretical basis,analytical framework and research design.The second chapter introduces the external regional ecology and internal school ecology.Chapter three to chapter six is the main part of the paper.According to the four levels of public spirit,the researcher presents the students' practice in different school life,and analyzes the students' corresponding public spirits performance and educational status.In chapter 7,based on the presentation and analysis above,the researcher summarizes and explains the public spirits finally formed by the students.The research found that the specific situation of students' public spirits development includes four aspects.First,the students' sense of rules is presented as obedience and resistance.Although the students obey and accept the rules under the pressure of external authority,they resist the rules because of the improper rule education and the unequal status relationship between teachers and students in the rules.Second,the subjective consciousness of students is embodied in the utilitarian and result-oriented knowledge acquisition,as well as the isolation and isolation of the learning relationship between students.In addition,under the pressure of unified standard examination,students increasingly take academic performance as the basis to measure each other's identity,which indicates students' tendency of instrumentalization.Thirdly,influenced by the "private" purpose of communication and the lack of universal and equal identity consciousness,students' public communication has great problems in group life and group life.This makes it difficult for students to fully develop the quality of public communication;Fourthly,the limitation of universal participation,the absence of the value of public participation and the absence of effective participation education all affect the formation and development of students' public participation literacy.In general,first of all,students show a trend of individualized development in school life.In addition,passive external rules and result-oriented learning and life are constantly solidifying students' instrumentalization and standardization,which is not conducive to the cultivation of students' spirits and virtue.Secondly,the neglect of the weak in group life,the arrangement and differentiation of students based on competition,as well as the closure of groups,have intensified the atomization of public relations among students.It is difficult for students to develop a general sense of otherness and public consciousness,and they lack a common bond of ethics and morality.Finally,the regularization and privatization of school life have gradually broken the relationship between students and school life.Students are more concerned about their own interests in school and lack of public care and responsibility.Students may even see public life in school as a means to an individual's ends.Therefore,the public practice of students in school life not only does not make students gradually develop the public spirits,but also hinders the shaping and cultivation of students' public spirits.This is a rather embarrassing situation for Min Zhu primary school,which has been aware of the public spirits education.According to this study,there are three reasons for the "embarrassment" of public spiritual education in schools.First,the expectation of the community on the school is essentially based on the expectation of the individual development of the students,rather than the interaction and communication between the community and the school.In response to the expectations of the community,the school has constantly strengthened its emphasis on student achievement,resulting in the dislocation of the value orientation between the community and the school.Second,in the regional education system,multiple forces are reinforcing the individual development goal of students,hindering the development of students' broad,equal and fair public world view,and accelerating the trend of individual development with the characteristics of instrumentalization.Thirdly,in the society field,the adjustment of social structure makes the individual's privatization recognized,but due to the lack of power regulation,the material impact of the market economy and the extension of traditional cultural factors,the individual's public spirits does not have the social foundation to flourish.