| Promoting transformation and development of regional colleges and universities,a half part of the whole colleges and universities in China,has once become a hot topic in the field of higher education.What are the problems existed in this process? Are these problems affecting quality of higher education or growth and development of students?What are the factors restricting the effect or causing the problems? Is student-based really realized? What are student-based return paths ?In order to systematically and comprehensively understand and explore above problems,this paper firstly reveals transformation background and reality through document retrieval,investigation and other approaches.Based on analyzing a large number of existing research results related,this paper summarizes 11 dimensions such as orientation,cultivation program,curriculum,professional ability,practice and training,student management system,academic guidance and career development support system,quality of life guarantee,campus atmosphere,basic constructions as well as relationship between teachers and students,which affect student-based transformation path.Through investigation and examination,advantages and disadvantages are shown and problems are explored to find out how to coordinate internal and external system,how to bring relevant subjects into play,and how to form a systematic joint force to promote growth and development of students.Through questionnaire survey and interviews with school leaders,academic affairs directors,student affairs directors,teachers,counselors and other teacher groups as well,the basic situation of promoting transformation and development of students in Chongqing is: under application-based transformation background,with gradually clear orientation,colleges and universities strive to promote education and teaching reform in all directions,reflected in perfecting cultivation program to increase practical teaching proportion,launching incentive measures to increase application-based teachers proportion,implementing undergraduate education to explore feasible measures;to innovate ideas and management system to help students develop,reflected in helping students know relevant academic requirements,innovating education,management and service centered at students,as well as building a platform to strengthen student work team construction;and student demands of all 11 dimensions tend to be the same.However,differences exist in students from different grades for development demands,reflected in no significant difference exists at orientation,but exists at other 10 dimensions such as cultivation program,curriculum,and professional ability as well.At the same time,main problems restricting transformation to promote development of students are: 1.failure to meet demands for students from different grades,reflected in significant satisfaction difference at 10 dimensions such as cultivation program,curriculum,and professional ability as well besides orientation,especially the lowest degree for the third grade students;2.insufficient ability and quality of teaching staff to meet the needs of transformation and development,reflected in insufficient ability and quality of teachers,inconsistent ability and quality of counselors and teachers,and insufficient supply of teachers from industries;3.insufficiency to promote practice of transformation and development through college-industry cooperation,reflected in the following aspects such as insufficient government support,contradiction between insufficient funds and inability to spend funds,and contradiction between practice and training of students in college-industry cooperation;4.insufficient mechanisms to guarantee effective transformation and development,including regional impact,insufficient research on transformation system,and insufficient education and teaching resources.Through further analysis,it is known that problems attribute to three aspects.Firstly,deviation of concepts related affects teachers transformation,reflected in insufficient transformation ideas,deviation of teachers quality structure,and scattered and lagging evaluation methods.Secondly,different interest demands lead to insufficient college-industry cooperation,mainly due to vision limitation affecting cross-border cooperation between colleges and industries,and interest difference leading to insufficient college-industry cooperation as well as inadequate system construction.Thirdly,insufficient joint efforts in education lead to insufficient resource guarantee,reflected in imperfect internal education mechanism,inadequate external cooperation system and insufficient resource sharing mechanism as well.In this paper,System Symbiosis Theory,Management Synergy Theory,Stakeholder Theory and Higher Education Relationship Theory serve as theoretical basis for reconstructing student-based path with the principles of directionality,adaptability,complementarity,systematicness,synergy and sustainability.Logical mechanism of reconstruction path of student-based return is clarified through the following four aspects: confirm relationship between internal system and external system objectives,understand internal support and guarantee condition for students growth,evaluate level gap between actual development and rational development,and realize collaborative management.It is explored from four aspects: effectively ensuring differentiated growth and development needs for students in different grades,strengthening information communication and enhancing consensus of main body to promote synergy of various education subsystems,integrating education elements to reconstruct actual situation of college-industry cooperation,and condensing education efforts to ensure students development and improve talent training quality.First,we should effectively ensure differentiated growth and development needs for students in different grades.Specifically,we should improve curriculum system and teachers’ professional ability,understand students’ real needs and strengthen service guarantee,create educational atmosphere and improve good relationship between teachers and students.Second,strengthen information communication and enhance consensus of main body to promote synergy of various education subsystems to realize collaboration.It is promoted from three aspects: increasing consensus mechanism and formulating corresponding policies to promote teachers transformation,adapting to the needs and strengthening research to improve education level,and building a multi-communication platform to promote transformation and development.Third,integrating education elements to reconstruct actual situation of college-industry cooperation,which is mainly reflected in strengthening integration of factors to improve education degree and level,improving internal governance system to improve governance ability,and improving external relationship to enhance cooperation and quality.Fourth,condensing education efforts to ensure students development and improve talent training quality.Specifically,the first is to promote student-centered undergraduate teaching reform,the second is to guarantee student-based return from concept to action,and the third is to strengthen management coordination to ensure orderly development of education system.Meanwhile,this paper analyzes the change of instructions,principles,cultivation goals & standards as well as semester hour and credits in undergraduate cultivation program of Chongqing Three Gorges University from the year of 2011 to 2021,and summarize further study and experience on colleges and universities in Finland and UK.Through investigation of above colleges and universities,solutions to student-based transformation path are shown. |
