Research On The Improvement Of Employment Quality Of Agricultural Transfer Population In The Process Of New Urbanization

In recent years,with the gradual acceleration of China's urbanization process,a large number of agricultural population have moved to urban areas for non-agricultural work,resulting in "semi-citizenization","new dual structure" and "semi-urbanization" and other phenomena in urban areas.This migrant agricultural population are generally engaged in low-income,unstable,high-intensity and insecure "informal" jobs,and the employment quality is very low.The low quality of employment makes it difficult for them to pay the cost of urban living and regenerate the skills and capital that can sustain urban livelihood,thus hindering their transition to citizenship and restricting the process of new urbanization.Therefore,starting from the special national conditions and institutional conditions,this paper analyzes the interactive practice mode of the migrant agricultural population,enterprises and local governments in China,demonstrates the employment quality of the migrant agricultural population in the process of urbanization under a theoretical framework,and explores the strategy and path of the "people-centered" new urbanization.Research mainly revolves around three main body,this paper respectively discusses the agricultural transfer of population individuals,local government and the enterprise behavior choice in the urbanization process,including agricultural transfer of population individuals of migration and citizenship behavior decision-making,financial costs and benefits of local government and enterprise labor wages and production decisions,to seek agricultural transfer of population employment quality ascension path.The specific content is mentioned below.Firstly,the relationship between employment quality and citizenization of migrant agricultural population is analyzed.Citizenization is the result of rational choice of agricultural migrant population.Higher employment income,social security and urban public services form the benefits of citizenization integration,while agricultural land management,collective economy,agricultural subsidies,living costs and psychological costs constitute the costs of citizenization integration,which jointly determine the citizenization behavior choice of the migrant agricultural population.The improvement of employment quality will certainly stimulate the citizenization of the migrant agricultural population,which is an important determinant of the urbanization process.This paper verifies the positive impact of employment quality on the citizenization of migrant agricultural population,including wage income,social security and working hours.In this paper,the concept of citizenization is redefined,and the intention to buy houses and settle down in cities and towns is chosen as the measurement index.In addition,based on the survey data of China's labor force dynamics,this paper adopts Heckman model and other measurement methods to solve the problem of selectivity bias.Secondly,understand the impact of employment quality on enterprise production.Citizenization can improve the human capital level of the migrant agricultural population,provide stable and high-quality labor force for enterprise production,and help to improve enterprise production and operation.However,the improvement of employment quality will also increase corporate responsibility and increase labor costs,which will have a negative impact on the production and operation of enterprises.Therefore,enterprise production is linked with the citizenization of the migrant agricultural population,which jointly determines the improvement of the employment quality of the migrant agricultural population.Taking wage income as an example,this paper discusses the relationship between employment quality and enterprise production and operation.The results show that in the process of the continuous rise of the wage level of the migrant agricultural population,the changes of the operating conditions of different types of enterprises are different.Among them,the cost effect of labor wage increase in state-owned enterprises,foreign-funded enterprises and joint ventures can generally be offset by the benefit effect of labor productivity increase,and the labor wage increase will not have a negative impact on the production and operation of enterprises.However,the increase of wages significantly reduces the performance of private and private enterprises.In addition,there is a quadratic linear relationship between the impact of labor and wage increases on the production and operation of enterprises,indicating that there is an optimal decision node for improving employment quality.Thirdly,determine the cost and benefit of citizenization in the improvement of employment quality.Citizenization can generate social and economic benefits by expanding consumption,increasing investment and reducing the cost of social security,etc.At the same time,it also requires more public resources for the migrant agricultural population and causes local financial pressure.These two factors determine the local government's Citizenization policy.This paper constructs a cost-benefit model of citizenization of the migrant agricultural population,which provides an accurate cost-benefit analysis for the government.Among them,the cost of citizenization is calculated as the difference cost to avoid the overestimation of citizenization cost;Producer surplus theory is used to comprehensively measure income,which effectively avoids the undervaluation of income.Finally,through the graph analysis,the change of the cost and benefit of citizenization over the years is investigated directly.The results show that with the increase of the citizenization population,the net income of the citizenization of local governments decreases first and then increases.That is to say,the local government can bring net benefits by promoting the citizenization of the migrant agricultural population,and in order to maximize such economic benefits,the citizenization scale of the migrant agricultural population should be kept above a certain level.Fourthly,the graph analysis of the improvement of employment quality of agricultural transfer population.The improvement of employment quality of agricultural transfer population is embedded in the new urbanization process of "people-centered",which will involve the coordination of the interests of local governments,enterprises and agricultural transfer population.Therefore,this paper uses the method of map analysis to seek the desirable interval for improving the employment quality of agricultural transfer population under the constraints of tripartite interests.Taking wage income as an example,firstly,with the increase of wage income of agricultural transfer population,the production profit of enterprises first increased and then decreased;Secondly,the increase of wage income promotes the citizenization of agricultural transfer population,so that the net income of local governments begins to decline after a certain scale of citizenization;Finally,according to the changes of enterprise production and local government income,the interval(4.8,5.5)(unit: 10000 yuan)constitutes a reasonable range of wage income of agricultural transfer population.In addition,employment quality has many dimensions,including not only wage income,but also social security,working conditions and individual career development.Similarly,by using the method of map analysis to investigate the multi-dimensional changes and impact of employment quality,we can also get a satisfactory range of employment quality improvement.The innovations and marginal contributions of this paper are as follows:(1)this paper systematically analyzes the determinants of the improvement of employment quality of agricultural transfer population.According to the phased characteristics of China's new urbanization,this paper defines the employment quality of agricultural transfer population as labor wage income,whether to participate in social security and the length of working hours.Moreover,different from a large number of literature mainly discussing the negative impact of the improvement of employment quality on enterprise production,this paper focuses on the dual effects of wage income growth of agricultural transfer population,namely,income effect and cost effect.At the same time,this paper comprehensively calculates the costs and benefits of local governments promoting citizenization.Therefore,under the constraints of the interests of agricultural transfer population,enterprises and local governments,this paper demonstrates the determinant system of improving the employment quality of agricultural transfer population.(2)Accurately calculate the net income of local governments promoting the citizenization of agricultural transfer population.Many literatures fail to understand the cost of citizenization from the perspective of the transfer of urban and rural public service costs,and relatively ignore the social and economic benefits that may be generated by the citizenization of agricultural transfer population.Different from these studies,this paper defines the cost of citizenization of agricultural transfer population as the new financial expenditure for agricultural transfer population to enjoy basic public services to the same extent as urban residents;At the same time,the economic benefits of the citizenization of agricultural transfer population are defined as the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus.In this way,this paper accurately calculates the net income of local governments promoting the citizenization of agricultural transfer population,which is innovative.