The Impact Of Employment Mobility On The Citizenship Of Migrant Workers: Citizenization Paradox And Empirical Test

Citizenization of migrant workers is the core content of new urbanization construction and the driving force of future economic growth.The country has introduced a series of policies to promote citizenization of migrant workers.However,the process of citizenization of migrant workers is slow,and the phenomenon of "three left-behind" personnel is still very common.What is the root cause of the difficulty of migrant workers’ citizenization? In the dualistic labor market of China for a long time,migrant workers have formed the characteristics of frequent employment mobility under the action of rigid social structure and many exclusion systems.This high employment mobility is especially reflected in the fact that they realize the urban-rural mobility for the first time,and they also need to conduct horizontal regional mobility between cities and towns.This article mainly analyzes whether the attribute of migrant workers’ employment mobility will have opposite effects on personal income and family migration,and then verifies the existence of the civicization paradox,and explores the reasons why the civicization process is difficult to advance.Firstly,this problem is analyzed theoretically based on the labor market segmentation theory,and then logit is used to test the impact,and the propensity score matching model is used to eliminate the selective bias.At the regional level,this article establishes an index system to reflect the employment mobility of the city,and then uses logit model to analyze its impact on the income of migrant workers and family migration.Finally,put forward countermeasures and suggestions based on the actual situation and research conclusions.Based on the theoretical analysis,this paper uses the data of the national health and family planning dynamic monitoring survey of floating population in 2016.Using counterfactual analysis method,this paper analyzes the effect of employment flow on individual income and family migration of migrant workers,and verifies the paradox hypothesis of citizenization of migrant workers.The research results show that:(1)There is an individual-family development paradox in the process of migrant workers’ citizenization.High employment mobility is a typical feature of migrant workers.Employment mobility can significantly increase the personal income of migrant workers and provide an economic basis for their civicization;however,employment mobility is not conducive to the migration of migrant workers’ families,hinders the civicization of migrant workers,and forms a paradox of civicization.(2)Employment mobility can significantly increase the personal income of migrant workers.After using the tendency score matching method to eliminate the selective bias,in terms of the number of migrant workers,the urban-urban migration after entering the city will increase the probability of earning a high income by 59.7%;Compared with migrant workers who have been employed locally for a long time,the peasant unions who have just arrived here have a 53.3% higher probability of obtaining high income.(3)Employment mobility will significantly reduce the probability of family migration.Judging from the number of migrations,after matching the nearest neighbor method in calipers,the probability of migrant spouses and children moving into cities after entering the city will decrease by 2.2% and 12.7%,respectively.Compared with local migrant workers who have been employed for a long time,the spouses and children of migrant workers who have recently arrived in the country are 2.4% and 12.9% lower,respectively.(4)From a regional perspective,intra-urban employment mobility reduces the income of migrant workers and reduces the probability of their spouses and children moving with them.From different regions,the negative effect of employment mobility in eastern cities is mainly reflected in the migration of migrant workers’ families,while the northeast cities are mainly reflected in the income of migrant workers.The negative effect of employment mobility in western cities is not only reflected in the income of migrant workers,but also reflected in the family migration of migrant workers.Although the mobility of employment in central cities has a positive effect on the income of migrant workers,it still has a significant negative effect on the migration of children of migrant workers.Economic income is the basis for the civicization of migrant workers,and family migration is an inevitable requirement for civicization of migrant workers.The increase of income brought by the employment flow of migrant workers will also reduce the probability of family migration,indicating that employment mobility will promote income,but it will also become an obstacle to family migration.Therefore,to complete the civicization of migrant workers in the secondary labor market,more policy support is needed,and it cannot be accomplished by relying solely on improving employment conditions.In addition,the internal employment mobility will not only increase the income of migrant workers,but will also reduce the probability of their spouses and children moving with them.This shows that in order to increase the probability of family migration and accelerate the process of citizenization,it is necessary to reduce the employment mobility within cities to ensure the stability of urban employment.