Research On The Influence Of Human Resource Collaboration On The Formation Of Human Capital In Hotel Enterprises

Traditional human resource management can be divided into two parts.One is the functional work,and the other is the supporting work.The functional work includes selection and recruitment,training,compensation and benefits,and labor relations,etc.,while supporting work includes human resources planning,job analysis,performance evaluation,etc.Human resources departments in corporate typically spend 60-80%of their time on functional tasks,and less than 20%of their time is spent on business strategy supporting work,job analysis and evaluation.It has become a trend to improve enterprise human resource competitiveness by the way of cooperation with human resources agency to reduce the human resources normal work like staff training,recruitment and pre-employment training.Thus,human resources department will be able to focus on the systematic and holistic strategy planning.The hotel industry is a labor-intensive and experience-dependent industry.With the development of the industry,the shortage of human capital has become the core problem that restricts its development.In order to effectively obtain human capital,a considerable number of hotels tend to cooperate with human resources agency and educational institutions.With the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020,traditional service processes,technical standards and business models of the hotel industry are being comprehensively and systematically reviewed,revised and tested,which accelerates the industry market transformation and business model innovation.With the advent of the Internet and big data era,the hotel industry has increasingly diversified requirements for human capital,and the existing hotel human resources strategy has gradually exposed many problems.Among them,the core problem is that the education and recruitment functions are not put into the strategic human resources development framework.Thus,the human resources development does not achieve the expected results.In this context,based on the collaborative theory,the paper draws lessons from the concept of forward integration of the industrial chain.After analyzing the similarities and differences of collaboration and traditional co-operative mode,it extends the hotel enterprise human resources management process forward,and puts on potential workers cultivating,recruiting and pre-service training into the framework of enterprise human resources strategy.Meanwhile,it takes the acquisition of human capital as the forward expansion of human resources strategy.It has great significance to comprehensively consider the management and development of human resources in the hotel industry.To achieve the research target,this paper adopts the methods of questionnaire survey,interview,quantitative analysis and qualitative comparative analysis(QCA).We initially propose the concept of hotel human resources collaboration.In the guidance of human capital theory and the learner participation theory,this paper constructs the framework of the influence model of hotel human resource collaboration on the formation of human capital.And it puts forward four research assumptions and conceptual model,E(Educational Environment)-?(Individual Involvement)-C(Human Capital)model.And then,we test the model path and research hypothesis with empirical research.In addition,to solve the problem of insufficient depth of collaborative programs and unsatisfactory efects in practice,this paper use E-I-C model to analyze the existing collaborative projects and test the difference of influence path.Finally,the configuration analysis of the complex influencing factors of human capital formation in hotel enterprises is carried out.The main research conclusions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,the collaborative education environment of hotel human resources is one of the important factors affecting the formation of human capital,including knowledge system,organizational guidance and service support,21 indicators;The individual involvement in collaborative projects is also one of the influencing factors of human capital formation,including learning involvement and practice involvement,11 indicators.The human capital characteristics of hotel enterprises include learning ability,professional accomplishment,personality quality and general ability,and 24 indicators.Secondly,the impact of the collaborative education environment of hotel human resources on the formation of human capital characteristics includes direct impact(the collaborative education environment has a positive impact on human capital characteristics)and indirect impact(the collaborative education environment has a positive impact on human capital characteristics through individual input).Thirdly,different levels of human resource collaborative programs have different characteristics of human capital formation.And the programs are divided into primary,middle,and advanced level.Fourthly,the core conditions of human capital formation of hotel enterprises are divided into four configuration solutions:"service support·practice input","knowledge system practice input","knowledge system·organization guidance ·service support","organization guidance·learning investment·practice input".The specific research process is as follows.We firstly design the educational environment evaluation scale and evaluated it from three aspects:knowledge system,organizational guidance and service support.At the same time,the composition and measurement index of human capital characteristics and individual involvement are redesigned in the context of human resources collaboration in hotel enterprises.Based on the above three variables indicators,the empirical test and analysis of the E-I-C model is carried out to test the significance and influence process of 20 direct and indirect paths of education environment test(knowledge system,organization guidance,service support)individual involvement(learning investment,practice involvement)-human capital(learning ability,professional quality,personality quality,general ability).The results showed that 15 of them are significant and 5 were not.Thus,the first three hypotheses in this paper are verified:educational environment can directly affect the formation of human capital,and individual learning involvement and practice involvement indirectly affect the formation of human capital,then the E-I-C actual impact path model is obtained.After obtaining the E-I-C model,this paper,aiming at the real problem of domestic hotel enterprise collaborative programs,uses the educational environment evaluation scale to divide these programs into three levels,and finally divides them into primary,middle and advanced levels.The primary level collaborative cooperation program involvement is insufficient;Middle level programs have been strengthened.The advanced level programs are fully involved.Preliminary survey results show that program types do not represent collaboration levels,and those that appear to be advanced,also got low scores(classified as primary level),which verifies many problems in practice.Then,this paper substitutes the three levels of collaborative programs into the E-I-C model for calculation and verification,analyzes the difference of the degree of influence of different levels of collaborative program on the characteristics of human capital,and verifies the fourth hypothesis of this paper.The research results show that participants in primary collaborative program can hardly perceive the educational environment they are in,and only their own learning and practice involvement influences the formation of human capital.In the middle collaborative program,the education environment cannot directly affect the formation of human capital,which needs to be influenced by the intermediary variable of individual involvement.In advanced collaborative program,the path of human capital formation is comprehensive,including direct path and indirect path.It can be seen that the advanced level collaborative program is an effective path for the comprehensive formation of human capital.Finally,through fsQCA method,the study further explores the configuration mode of human capital formation of hotel enterprises by the education environment(knowledge system,organization guidance,service support)and individual involvement(learning investment,practice input).The purpose of this part is to explore the internal influencing factors and laws of the formation of high human capital in hotel enterprises,and to construct the configuration set solution and core conditions of high human capital of hotel enterprises.Four configuration set solutions were obtained,which confirmed the importance of collaboration and individual input on human capital formation.To a certain extent,it solves the practical problems of human resource development in hotel enterprises.The innovation of this paper is as follows:Firstly,it proposes the collaboration and promotes it to the level of hotel industry human resources strategy;Secondly,by referring to the concept of industrial chain integration,the forward integration of human resources in hotel enterprises is proposed to provide support for the construction of collaborative mode.Thirdly,the E-I-C model is constructed from the perspective of collaborative strategy,and the influence path of the model is verified.In addition,the path model is applied to analyze the existing collaborative projects.The fsQCA method is adopted to comprehensively analyze the key points of human capital formation in hotel enterprises and provide new research directions and paradigms for the follow-up research.