| Over the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China has pursued an export-oriented strategy based on comparative advantages,actively participated in the international division of production of competition and cooperation,and has continuously seized development opportunities to rapidly rise and become one of the world’s major trading nations.However,after the global financial crisis,world economic growth has been weak.In recent years,the Sino-US trade dispute has risen from a tariff war to a technological war.The COVID-19 has worsened the international economic environment,which is not so sluggish.At the same time,dividends such as domestic population and resources are gradually disappearing.Under this special domestic and foreign background,after my country’s economy has experienced miraculous growth,the growth rate has gradually slowed down and entered the "new normal" of growth.The mode of economic development during this period is in urgent need of major adjustments.While maintaining stable growth,it is necessary to accelerate the transition from scale-speed development to high-quality development.Among them,changing the way of trade development has also become an important mission for a new round of open development.For enterprises,with the development of globalization,import and export trade,as their main means of developing international business,can not only help enterprises expand their markets and obtain economies of scale,but also provide opportunities to gain international experience and technical know-how.In the context of the new economic normal,my country’s economic growth momentum is shifting from factor-driven to innovation-driven,and technological innovation has become increasingly prominent in the core position of economic growth and even international competition.Among them,patents are an important measure of enterprise innovation output.As an institutional tool to protect inventions and creations,by strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights,it can very well encourage and protect enterprise innovation.The research question that this article wants to explore is,under the above-mentioned realistic background,the manufacturing industry is the foundation of my country’s economic development,how does the import and export trade of manufacturing enterprises affect the innovation output of enterprises,and the relationship between this influence? Whether there are heterogeneous characteristics.Based on the existing literature,this research has constructed a theoretical framework for the impact of trade scale and trade quality on the innovation output of Chinese manufacturing enterprises from quantity to quality.And on this basis,using the combined data of the customs database and the database of listed companies from2010 to 2016,using the panel negative binomial model to empirically test the impact of import scale,export scale,import quality,and export quality on the innovation output of Chinese manufacturing companies The impact of the analysis was then carried out for heterogeneity.The main research conclusions of the full text are as follows:First,the expansion of the scale of imports has significantly inhibited the increase in innovation output of Chinese manufacturing companies.By categorizing the innovation output,it is found that the scale of imports has an inhibitory effect on both enterprise invention patents and utility model patents,and has no significant impact on the number of design patents;it has an inhibitory effect on the number of domestic patent applications and has no significant impact on the number of foreign patent applications..Through the analysis of heterogeneity,it is found that the import scale of the current period has a significant inhibitory effect on the innovation output of state-owned enterprises,and the import scale of the lagging period has no significant effect on the innovation output of state-owned enterprises,but it appears to be significant for non-state-owned enterprises.Inhibition;the negative adjustment of the age of the enterprise has the effect of negatively adjusting the import scale on the innovation output of the enterprise,and the restraining effect on the mature enterprise is very significant,and the influence on the young enterprise is shown as a lagging and significant promotion effect;the lower the industry technology level,the import scale has a significant effect on the enterprise The more significant the inhibitory effect of innovation output,the less significant the impact on high-tech industries,and the significant inhibitory effect on low-and medium-tech industries;the more significant the inhibitory effect on the eastern region,and the current import scale has a significant impact on the innovation output of the central and western regions.Significant restraint effect,the lagging import scale has no significant impact on the central and western regions;the higher the proportion of non-high-income source countries,the more significant the restraining effect on enterprise innovation output,and the higher the proportion of non-high-income source countries The importing enterprises of China showed a significant inhibitory effect,and had no significant impact on the enterprises with a high proportion of high-income source countries.Second,the impact of export scale on the innovation output of Chinese manufacturing enterprises shows a lagging and significant promotion effect,and the significance reaches the strongest effect when it lags for three periods.By categorizing innovation output,the impact of the increase in export scale on invention patents is manifested in the first suppression and then promotion.The promotion of design patent applications is more timely and longer,and the impact on utility model patent applications is Relatively lagging and significant promotion effect;the export scale has a lagging and significant promotion effect on the number of domestic patent applications,but it has no significant effect on the number of foreign patent applications.Through the analysis of heterogeneity,it is found that the export scale of China’s manufacturing industry has a more significant promotion effect on the innovation output of non-state-owned enterprises,while the positive effect on state-owned enterprises is not significant;the promotion effect on the innovation output of young enterprises is more significant than that of mature enterprises;It has a lagging promotion effect on the innovation output of enterprises in low-and medium-tech industries,and the promotion effect is stronger than that of enterprises in high-tech industries;there is no significant difference in the impact on the innovation output of enterprises in the eastern and central and western regions;whether it is high in the export destination country There is also no significant difference in the innovation output of enterprises in income countries;it has a lagging role in promoting the innovation output of general trade enterprises,compared with enterprises engaged in processing trade,which will significantly weaken the positive impact of export scale on innovation output.Third,the impact of import quality on the innovation output of Chinese manufacturing enterprises presents a significant inverted U-shaped relationship,that is,the improvement of import quality will first promote enterprise innovation output,and then restrain it.Through the classification research of innovation output,it is found that the impact of the improvement of import quality on invention patents shows a weak and significant inverted U-shaped relationship,and the impact on utility model patent applications shows a lagging and significant inverted U-shaped relationship.There is a significant lagging effect;the quality of imports has a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with the number of patent applications at home and abroad,but the impact on the number of domestic patent applications is more timely and significant.Through the analysis of heterogeneity,it is found that the import quality of China’s manufacturing industry has a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with the innovation output of state-owned enterprises,and the impact on non-state-owned enterprises is not significant.Non-state-owned enterprises significantly positively regulate the impact of import quality on the innovation output of enterprises.Impact;the impact on the innovation output of young companies presents a lagging significant U-shaped relationship,and the mature company presents a lagging significant inverted U-shaped relationship.The age of the company significantly negatively regulates the impact of import quality on the innovation output of the company;for high-tech industries It presents a lagging and significant U-shaped relationship,that is,import quality first inhibits the innovation output of high-tech companies and then promotes it,and its impact on low-and medium-tech industries shows a lagging and significant inverted U-shaped relationship.Low-and medium-technology industries significantly negatively regulate imports The relationship between quality and the innovation output of enterprises;there is no significant difference in the impact between the eastern and central and western regions;there is no significant difference in the impact between high-income import source countries and non-high-income import source countries;for companies that only conduct general trade The impact of the import is weak and significant,and it presents a more significant inverted U-shaped relationship for enterprises engaged in processing trade.Processing trade will significantly strengthen the crowding-out effect of import quality on enterprise innovation output.Fourth,the impact of export quality on the innovation output of Chinese manufacturing enterprises presents a significant U-shaped relationship,that is,the improvement of export quality first inhibits enterprise innovation output,and then promotes it.Through the classification research of innovation output,it is found that the impact of the improvement of export quality on the number of invention patents and utility model patent applications presents a U-shaped relationship,and has no significant impact on the number of design patent applications;export quality shows both domestic and foreign patent applications Significant U-shaped impact relationship,but the impact on the number of domestic patent applications is more timely.Through the analysis of heterogeneity,it is found that the export quality of China’s manufacturing industry has a significant U-shaped influence relationship on the innovation output of non-state-owned enterprises,while the influence on state-owned enterprises is not significant;the impact on the innovation output of young enterprises shows a U-shaped influence relationship.,The impact on mature companies is not significant;it presents a significant U-shaped relationship with high-tech industries,that is,export quality first suppresses the innovation output of high-tech companies and then promotes,and the impact on low-and medium-tech industries is not significant;for companies in the eastern region The innovation output has a significant U-shaped impact,and the impact on the central and western regions is not significant;the impact on the innovation output of enterprises in high-income countries in the destination country is in an inverted U-shaped relationship,while the impact on the destination country is a non-high-income country.The impact is not significant;it presents a significant U-shaped relationship for enterprises engaged in processing trade;it promotes the innovation output of enterprises that only engage in general trade.The above conclusions remain robust even after endogenous new processing and replacement of the explanatory variable indicators.This research provides evidence support for the existing policies of China’s trade transformation and upgrading,and provides new development ideas from different heterogeneous characteristics,which is of great significance to maintaining a free international trading system and promoting enterprise import and export trade. |
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