Study On The Efficiency Improvement Of Container Port Services Based On AIS Data

The port is a key link in the supply chain logistics,and the stable and smooth flow of the supply chain relies on the normal operation of the port.However,the influence of external factors such as extreme weather,new crown epidemic pandemic and geopolitics in recent years had brought increasing challenges to the operation and management of ports,and had put forward higher requirements on the operational service efficiency of ports.The traditional port service efficiency was usually judged by the data of the port itself,such as the DEA model,which selects berths,yard area,number of bridge cranes and container throughput as input-output data for evaluation,to measured the allocation efficiency of port resources.The full utilization of port resources means that the port berths were basically at full capacity,which would lead to ships waiting in port in most cases and was a great waste of ship resources.Therefore,this paper proposed an evaluation system of port operation and service efficiency using AIS(Automatic Identification System)data to reflect the service efficiency of the port from the perspective of ships.Firstly,a review of domestic and foreign literature was sorted out to define the connotation of port operation service efficiency,i.e.,port operation service efficiency was defined as the effectiveness of port resource allocation,i.e.,the allocation efficiency of in-port input resources,which belonged to the category of production allocation efficiency in economics,using the available resource inputs to maximize the interests of service recipients such as ports,shipowners,cargo owners,and society(carbon emissions).In addition to the effectiveness of the allocation of port input resources,the effectiveness of the allocation of ship resources in the port would also be considered,as well as the factor of carbon emissions from ships in the port in the port production operations.Secondly,this paper constructed a static evaluation system of container port operation service efficiency based on a large amount of AIS ship track data,and we added AIS ship data as the core input variable into the static evaluation index system of port operation service efficiency,and this paper established an evaluation index system of port operation service efficiency including ship data to achieve the purpose that both port resources and ship resources operation are in effective allocation.Taking 11 container ports along the coast of China as an example,the three-stage super-efficiency BCCDEA model was used to evaluate the static efficiency of port operation service.The comprehensive technical efficiency value,pure technical efficiency value,scale efficiency value and scale revenue index of the static efficiency of port operation service were obtained,and the comparative analysis was made with the evaluation results of port operation service efficiency without considering the ship factor to comprehensively evaluate the operational efficiency of port and shipping and gave corresponding suggestions to improve static operation service efficiency.The following conclusions were obtained:(1)The ship factor had improved the pure technical efficiency of China’s 11 major coastal container ports.When considering the efficiency of port operation and service by ship factor,the beneficiary of"efficiency" was not only the port side,and the pursuit is not the maximization of input-output ratio of port resources,but both the port and shipping(ship)sides,so that the overall optimal used of port resources and ship resources could be achieved,and the berth and bridge crane resources of the port could be fully utilized at the same time.Ships in the port could get quality service and fast turnaround,shorten the ship’s detention time in the port;(2)Environmental factors reduced the scale efficiency of China’s 11 major coastal container ports.After considering environmental factors,more than half of China’s ports were in the state of incremental scale compensation,indicating that the lack of port scale was the main factor limiting the operational service efficiency of China’s coastal ports at this stage,and the mismatch between port scale and economy and trade limits the development of China’s coastal container ports.Thirdly,a port and ship state discrimination mechanism as well as a carbon emission measurement mechanism were established based on AIS ship data.In this paper,data mining algorithms such as sliding window algorithm and ray method were used to judge the ship status,port status and the interrelationship between ships and ports.At the same time,the carbon emission measurement mechanism of the port was established.This paper applied the "bottom-up" idea and adopts STEAM model to measure the carbon emission of ships in ports.Taking 11 major coastal ports in China as an example,we calculated the total time in port,operating time at berth,number of ships,speed of ships,carbon emission,AWT/AST and other core indicators based on the real-time status of ships,and discussed and analyzed the results of the indicators in detail.The following core index data were calculated:the average time of ships in port in China’s 11 major coastal ports is 22.5 hours,the average time at berth was 19.96 hours,the average auxiliary operation time was 1.64 hours,and the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions was 2.14 million tons,of which 693,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions were from container ships in Shanghai port,accounting for 32%.Finally,this paper established a dynamic evaluation system of port operation service efficiency according to the definition of port efficiency in academic circles and took the cross-sectional AIS vessel data as the core index for the dynamic evaluation index system of port operation service efficiency to achieve the purpose of real-time evaluation of port operation service efficiency.And taking Los Angeles-Long Beach Port and Shanghai Yangshan deep-water Port as examples,the entropy weight method TOPSIS model was used to evaluate the dynamic efficiency of port operation service,and the dynamic index values of port operation service efficiency were obtained.The results showed that during the dynamic evaluation time period,the Port of Los Angeles-Long Beach was underutilized due to port congestion,which caused a large number of ships to wait around the port,while the Shanghai Yangshan Deepwater Port was underutilized due to too few ships in the port.