Comparative Study On Comprehensive Evaluation Of Port Logistics Efficiency Between China And The United States

Port efficiency is an important factor affecting the global trade supply chain.With the rising status of port logistics in international trade,countries pay more attention to the development of port logistics industry and increase the investment in port equipment.The level of port logistics efficiency can reflect the overall development status and development trend of the port to a certain extent.Therefore,the study of port efficiency has important theoretical and practical significance under the pattern of increasing global competition.This paper combs the research of domestic and foreign scholars on port logistics and port efficiency.Through induction and summary,it is determined that the research object of this paper is the main container ports in China and the United States,and calculates and analyzes their port efficiency from 2017 to 2019.Firstly,from the perspective of port logistics facilities,port logistics development level and port logistics layout,this paper analyzes the development status of ports in China and the United States,and finds that ports have problems such as slow throughput growth and low operation efficiency.Secondly,the index system of port efficiency is constructed,with the number of port berths,berth length,the number of port cranes and port area as input variables and the port cargo throughput and container throughput as output variables.This paper especially adds the port carbon dioxide emission as the unexpected output variable.Finally,taking 13 container ports in China and11 container ports in the United States as the research object,the SBM-DEA model is used to calculate the technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of the port,and the GML index method is used to study the change of total factor productivity of the port and decompose it to further study the factors affecting the development of the port.The results show that: first,from the results of super efficiency SBM-DEA,the port efficiency values of Shanghai port,Ningbo Zhoushan port,Guangzhou port and Lianyungang Port show an upward trend,Shanghai port and Qingdao port are at the forefront of production,and the input-output level of ports is more reasonable.However,the efficiency value of ports represented by Wenzhou port,Dalian port and Yingkou Port shows a downward trend,which needs to reallocate and adjust port resources to reach the effective level of DEA.From the change trend of GML index of port total factor productivity,the total factor productivity of most domestic ports is relatively stable,and the upward trend of port efficiency of Shanghai port is the most obvious with the increase of years.Second,in the calculation results of super efficiency SBM-DEA in the United States,the port efficiency of Los Angeles port has reached the optimal level,and the port efficiency represented by Jacksonville port and Tacoma port has not reached the effective level.At the same time,the scale efficiency of Charleston port,Jacksonville port and Seattle port is lower than the pure technical efficiency value,indicating that the port still needs to strengthen the investment and research and development of technology.The GML index of port total factor productivity varies greatly.The efficiency of Jacksonville port increases the fastest,and the improvement of efficiency is very obvious.In view of the above research results,this paper puts forward three suggestions: increasing port equipment and expanding port operation scale,so as to lay a good foundation for improving port scale efficiency;Reduce the unexpected output of the port through advanced technology;Increase the technical input of the port,increase the port logistics efficiency through high-tech equipment,and finally achieve the purpose of promoting the development of port logistics industry.