Research On The Equalization Of Public Service Facilities For Disabled People From The Perspective Of Deprivation Theory

Focusing on the contemporary issues of social equity and inclusive development,improving the quality and level of public service provision for persons with disabilities(PWDs),a vulnerable group,has become an urgent need to guarantee their equal participation in social life.China has introduced a series of measures to promote the equalisation of basic public services for people with disabilities,alleviating their multiple deprivation in education,healthcare and employment,ensuring equal opportunities for individuals and sharing the dividends of development.As the core vehicle for the provision of public services for persons with disabilities,the rational planning of Public Service Facilities for Persons with Disabilities(PSFPWD)should be an important part of the transformation process to realise equalisation of services.However,due to the lack of basic and systematic research on the spatial differentiation of the disabled and the spatial allocation of public service facilities,it is difficult to balance social equity and spatial justice performance in the planning of relevant facilities.At the same time,due to the current supply system and planning and layout techniques,the provision of PSFPWDs is still unevenly provided to different areas and types of disability groups.In this context,how to respond to the fundamental requirement of the national basic public service system of "people-oriented",to analyse and characterise the theoretical connotation of public service equalisation planning?How to construct an equalization path for the coupling of "People-Land" for the coordinated development of different disability groups by integrating the spatial allocation of public service facilities with the spatial pattern of the society for people with disabilities? It has become an urgent theoretical problem and practical confusion to be solved.In view of the above analysis,this study draws on the deprivation theory to evaluate the fairness of social space and resource allocation and the mechanism of coupling,following the logical line of "measuring social-spatial segregation-measuring resource spatial deprivation-identifying the problem of equalisation-proposing paths and strategies" to carry out research on the coupling relationship between "People-Land" for PWDs.This study consists of two main parts: theoretical constructs and empirical tests.In theoretical part,firstly,a system of indicators of multiple deprivation for people with disabilities is constructed,including five dimensions: employment,education,marriage,household registration and health.By analysing the spatial distribution of the Multiple Deprivation Index of Persons with Disabilities(MDIPWD)at the municipal level,the overall pattern of spatial differentiation of PWDs and the differences in the population based on the type of disability are summarised.Secondly,on the basis of the potential model,the travel characteristics of PWDs,the characteristics of the use of public service facilities and the traffic travel conditions are incorporated to construct an analysis model of the accessibility of PSFPWDs and analyse the spatial configuration characteristics of various types of PSFPWDs.Finally,the coupling and coordination characteristics of the MDIPWD and the accessibility of various PSFPWDs are analysed,and the main problems of equalisation of facilities are identified through the analysis of the mechanism of action,so that plannings and implementation paths and optimisation strategies can be proposed.In empirical part,using the socio-economic data of 350,000 licensed PWDs in Tianjin,as well as the spatial location and attributes of various types of PSFPWDs,the spatial pattern of the MDIPWD and the accessibility of facilities in Tianjin is analyzed using the street(township)as the spatial analysis unit.The spatial pattern of accessibility of PSFPWDs in Tianjin is analyzed by using the spatial analysis unit of the spatial analysis unit.The spatial patterns of the MDIPWD and the accessibility of PSFPWDs in Tianjin are analysed,and the four types of coupling differences,namely High-synchronisaion type,Low-synchronisaion type,deprivation-severe type and Facilities-Backward type,are used to comprehensively characterise the level of facility equalisation,identify the equalisation problems and propose a differentiated planning path for PSFPWDs from a people-oriented perspective,with a view to providing a reference for decision-making on the practice of public service facilities equalisation in the new era.This study summarises the characteristics of the "People-Land" system for different disability groups at three levels: urban-rural,type of disability and regional.Specifically:(1)In terms of urban and rural areas,the MDIPWD,the accessibility of PSFPWDs and their coupling and coordination characteristics show a significant urbanrural circle pattern,which clearly indicates that the implementation of the equalisation of PSFPWDs should focus on rural areas;(2)In terms of type of disability,different groups,both physical and mental,are affected by the employment,health and education dimensions respectively.The spatial distribution pattern of the MDIPWD varies to a certain extent,and the distribution of service blind areas of various facilities under the accessibility analysis also varies significantly,among which Jizhou and Baodi have blind spot for many facilities;(3)In terms of region,transportation modes and travel impediments such as fare costs,escort costs and accessibility can directly reduce the accessibility of some regions.Based on the coupling objective of the "People-Land" system,the path and strategy for the equalization of PSFPWDs are systematically constructed from four aspects: the differentiated path based on urban and rural equalization,the improvement of norms and standards based on the perfect planning system,the precise layout of facilities based on the equalization of people,and the improvement of accessibility based on regional equalization.The novelties of this study are mainly the following 3 points:(1)Theoretical of disability-related deprivation: integrating the special characteristics of PWDs and the characteristics of social welfare in China,incorporating the disability level into the health dimension,while adding the dimensions of marriage and household registration,constructing a MDIPWD,and expanding the application and deepening of the multiple deprivation index in the field of persons with disabilities.(2)Facility accessibility measurements: constructing a model of accessibility of PSFPWD,with the help of big data and network algorithms,accurately measuring travel time and fare costs,while adding the cost of companionship and the degree of accessibility as variable travel impediments according to the type of disability,improving the accuracy of measuring the spatial equity of facilities.(3)Representation of equalization: systematic developing the analytical methods and key technologies for the coupling of "People-Land",quantitative representation of the level of equalisation and identification of equalisation problems.