| In recent years,aging process has been accelerating in China.In the process of aging,the health level of the middle-aged and elderly people is constantly concerned by the government and society.How to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the health status of the middle-aged and elderly people has become one of the focuses of attention.The exploration and Research on the aging problem is gradually diversified and hierarchical.New concepts and new ideas such as "successful aging" emerge as the times require.The concept of "successful aging" provides the possibility for the comprehensive assessment and measurement of the health of middle-aged and elderly people.Although the current academic understanding of "successful aging" is not consistent,they generally believe that in the process of promoting the realization and improvement of successful aging,biological,psychological,behavioral and social factors are indispensable.Among the many factors that affect the health level of middle-aged and elderly people,socio-economic status has always been regarded as the key factor.The particularity of China’s urban-rural dual structure leads to large health differences between urban and rural areas,between regions,and between people with different income levels and education levels.This kind of health difference related to socio-economic status runs through the whole life stage(infant adolescent-middle and old age).Under the background of "healthy China 2030" strategy,this paper studies the relationship between the socio-economic status of the middle-aged and the elderly in different stages and the successful aging of the middle-aged and the elderly in China,and puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the health status of the middle-aged and the elderly and promote the realization of the successful aging.The results are helpful to promote the development of China’s aging society and help the strategic planning under the change of China’s social population structure Adjustment is of great significance.【Research aims】(1)To explore the relationship between the socioeconomic status of childhood and adulthood and the successful aging and its components?(2)To explore whether the changing and cumulative socio-economic status is related to the successful aging and its components?(3)Empirical analysis of different levels(micro meso)of socio-economic status on the path of successful aging and its composition,to observe the regulatory role of lifestyle.(4)This paper puts forward some policy suggestions to improve the health status of the middle-aged and elderly people and realize the successful aging.【Research Methods】(1)Through literature research,this paper combs the research status of the relationship between socio-economic status and the successful aging of the elderly,and clarifies the research ideas and directions.(2)Through descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression analysis,this paper discusses the influence of different social and economic status on the successful aging of the elderly,and finds out the key factors affecting the health status of the elderly.(3)The principal component analysis method is used to calculate the comprehensive index of family socio-economic status in childhood and adulthood;the least square method is used to calculate the least square mean value of each index to construct the change track of socio-economic status,and analyze the relationship between the change,cumulative socio-economic status and successful aging.(4)The structural equation model was used to observe the relationship between different socioeconomic status and successful aging,and the moderating effect of lifestyle.【Research Methods】1.Analysis of the basic situation of the research sample:(1)The sample of this study includes four regions of Eastern,central,Western and Northeast China.Among them,the western region has the largest sample(2365households),accounting for 32.71%,followed by the western region(2163households),accounting for 29.92%,followed by the central region(2128households),accounting for 29.43%,and the northeast region has the least sample(574 households),accounting for 7.94%.The provinces with the largest number of households in the sample were Henan,Sichuan and Yunnan,while the provinces with the least number of households were Beijing,Shanghai and Xinjiang;(2)There were significant differences in marital status,smoking status,night sleep duration and eating habits among different regions;there were significant differences in marital status,smoking status,drinking status,night sleep duration and eating habits among different age groups;there were significant differences in age,marital status,smoking status,drinking status and night sleep duration among different gender groups There was no statistical significance(P < 0.05).2.The relationship between different socio-economic status and the successful aging of middle-aged and elderly people:(1)The number of middle-aged and elderly people who have achieved successful aging is 823,and the successful aging rate is 11.38%.In terms of children’s family socio-economic status,their parents are alive before the age of 16,their father has received education,and their family economic status is good before the age of 16.In terms of adult family socio-economic status,they are urban,educated,and their family per capita income is at the middle level or above,and they are in the old age In terms of social demographic characteristics,men,young age and marriage;in terms of lifestyle,people who have quit smoking,sleep 7-8hours at night and have normal eating habits are more likely to achieve successful aging;(2)The number of middle-aged and elderly people who self rated as good health was 5874,accounting for 81.24%.In terms of children’s family socio-economic status,parents were alive before the age of 16,and family economic status was good before the age of 16;in terms of children’s community socio-economic status,community safety and community health cleanliness were better;in terms of adult family socio-economic status,urban and rural residents were over accepted In terms of lifestyle,people who smoke,drink,sleep at night for 7-8hours and have normal eating habits are more likely to have better self-rated health status;(3)The number of middle-aged and elderly people with good life satisfaction was 6648,accounting for 91.95%.In terms of children’s family socio-economic status,both parents had received education and self-rated family economic status before the age of 16 was good;in terms of children’s community socio-economic status,community safety,community harmony,community sanitation and neatness were better;in terms of adult family socio-economic status,they were better In terms of social demographic characteristics,men,young age,married;in terms of lifestyle,people who sleep 7-8 hours at night and have normal eating habits are more likely to have higher life satisfaction;(4)The number of middle-aged and elderly people who did not lose their activities of daily living was 4599,accounting for 63.61%.In terms of children’s family socio-economic status,the father had received education and self-rated family economic status before the age of 16 was good;in terms of children’s community socio-economic status,the community health integrity was good;in terms of adult family socio-economic status,the father had received education and self-rated family economic status before the age of 16 was good In terms of social demographic characteristics,men,young age,married;in terms of lifestyle,people who sleep 7-8 hours at night and have normal eating habits are more likely to have no loss of activities of daily living;(5)The number of middle-aged and elderly people who did not suffer from chronic diseases was 4096,accounting for 56.65%.In terms of family socio-economic status in childhood,the family economic status before the age of 16 was good;in terms of family socio-economic status in adulthood,the per capita income of urban,primary school,junior high school and family was at the medium level or above;in terms of social demographic characteristics,male,young;in terms of social status,the average income of urban,junior high school and family was at the middle level or above In terms of lifestyle,people who have given up smoking,drinking and sleeping for 7-8 hours at night are more likely not to suffer from chronic diseases;(6)The number of middle-aged and elderly people without depression was4696,accounting for 64.95%.In terms of family socio-economic status in childhood,the self-rated family economic status before the age of 16 was good;in terms of community socio-economic status in childhood,the community security and community harmony were good;in terms of family socio-economic status in adulthood,the urban,educated and family per capita income were in the middle and below In terms of social demographic characteristics,men,young age and marriage;in terms of lifestyle,people who do not smoke,drink,sleep 7-8 hours at night and have normal eating habits are more likely not to suffer from depression;(7)The number of middle-aged and elderly people with high cognitive function was 3637,accounting for 50.30%.In terms of children’s family socio-economic status,their parents were alive before the age of 16,their father had received education,and their family economic status was good before the age of 16.In terms of children’s community socio-economic status,the community health was clean and tidy.In terms of adult family socio-economic status,they were urban and educated In terms of social demographic characteristics,men,young age,married;in terms of lifestyle,people who have quit smoking,sleep at night for 7-8 hours,and have normal eating habits are more likely to have higher cognitive function;(8)The number of middle-aged and elderly people who actively participate in the society is 3987,accounting for 55.15%.The factors that affect the social participation of middle-aged and elderly people are as follows: in terms of family socio-economic status in childhood,both parents have received education;in terms of community socio-economic status in childhood,community mutual assistance and community harmony are better;in terms of family socio-economic status in adulthood,city and city have received education In terms of social demographic characteristics,young people are married;in terms of lifestyle,people who do not smoke and have normal eating habits are more likely to participate actively in society.3.The relationship between the change and accumulation of socioeconomic status and the successful aging of middle-aged and elderly people:(1)The change of social and economic status can be divided into five categories,accounting for 3.82%(always at a low level),27.01%(showing a downward trend),26.15%(mixed trend),32.95%(showing an upward trend)and10.07%(always at a high level);the people with lower social and economic status and upward mobility in childhood are similar to those with higher social and economic status but higher upward mobility People with limited or no upward mobility have better health status.People with high socioeconomic status in childhood but experiencing downward mobility in adulthood have worse health status than people with stable high socioeconomic status;(2)The cumulative scores of social and economic status were divided into five categories,accounting for 3.82%(4 indicators are at a low level),20.83%(3indicators are at a low level,1 indicator is at a high level),34.05%(2 indicators are at a low level,2 indicators are at a high level),31.20%(1 indicator is at a low level,3 indicators are at a high level),10.07%(4 indicators are at a high level)There is a significant and consistent trend relationship between cumulative socioeconomic status and health,and the most ideal health condition appears in the population with better socioeconomic status in childhood and better socioeconomic status in adulthood,as well as in the population with most socioeconomic status dimensions maintaining a higher level(not all dimensions are at a lower level)The social and economic status of those who grew up in childhood is relatively low,and their education and income in adulthood are still at a low level;(3)In addition to the fact that there is no significant relationship between the comprehensive index of family socio-economic status in childhood and chronic diseases,the comprehensive index of family socio-economic status in childhood and adulthood are related to the successful aging and its composition,and the trend is consistent,that is,the better the socio-economic status is,the better the health status is,the greater the probability of successful aging is.4.Structural equation model analysis results of the relationship between different socio-economic status and the successful aging of middle-aged and elderly people:(1)As far as the overall successful aging is concerned,there is a positive relationship between the social and economic status of childhood community and adult family,but there is no significant difference between the social and economic status of childhood family and successful aging;(2)In terms of subjective health(self-rated health and life satisfaction),the socio-economic status of childhood community and adult family are positively correlated with self-rated health and life satisfaction;the socio-economic status of childhood family is positively correlated with self-rated health;the socio-economic status of childhood community is positively correlated with socio-economic status of adult family and socio-economic status of childhood family is positively correlated with life satisfaction There was no significant difference in the relationship between life satisfaction and life satisfaction;(3)In terms of mental health(depression and cognitive function),there is a positive relationship between family socio-economic status and depression and cognitive function in adulthood;there is a positive relationship between community socio-economic status and depression in childhood,and between family socio-economic status and cognitive function in childhood;there is a positive relationship between family socio-economic status and depression in childhood,and between community socio-economic status and cognitive function in childhood There was no significant difference in the relationship between position and cognitive function;(4)In terms of physical health(chronic disease status and activities of daily living),there was a positive relationship between the socioeconomic status of childhood family and adult family and chronic disease status and activities of daily living,but there was no significant difference between the socioeconomic status of childhood community and adult family and chronic disease status and activities of daily living;(5)As far as social participation is concerned,there is a positive relationship between socio-economic status and social participation of childhood family and adult family.There is no significant difference between socio-economic status of childhood community and socio-economic status of adult family,and between socio-economic status of childhood family and social participation;(6)Lifestyle(normal diet,moderate sleep)plays a significant regulatory role in the relationship between adult family socioeconomic status and successful aging and its components.The better the lifestyle is,the better the condition of successful aging and its components is.Moreover,the influence of adult family socioeconomic status on successful aging and its components can be partly explained by lifestyle.5.Sensitivity analysis results of successful aging modelThe results show that the differences of the relationship between successful aging and social economic status in different periods are mainly reflected in the relationship between family social economic status in childhood,community social economic status in childhood and successful aging,while the relationship between family social economic status and successful aging in adulthood is relatively stable.【Research conclusion】(1)There is a significant relationship between family socioeconomic status in childhood,community socioeconomic status in childhood,family socioeconomic status in adulthood and successful aging and its components.The better the socioeconomic status,the better the health status,the greater the probability of successful aging.(2)There is a cumulative socio-economic status,and there is a significant and consistent hierarchical correlation between the cumulative socio-economic status and the successful aging and its components.The more obvious the cumulative advantages of socio-economic status,the better the health status,the more obvious the cumulative disadvantages,and the worse the health status,the less likely it is to achieve successful aging.(3)Changing socioeconomic status has a significant impact on successful aging and its components.The impact of socioeconomic status in adulthood on current health is more important than that in childhood: people with downward socioeconomic status are always close to a stable low level,while people with upward socioeconomic status are always close to a stable high level;the advantage of socioeconomic status in adulthood is more important than that in childhood The health benefits of children from disadvantaged families are significantly greater than those from disadvantaged families.(4)The socio-economic status of childhood family has a significant impact on the socio-economic status of adult family.Individuals in childhood or adolescence achieve economic sustainability through intergenerational transfer of family,and there is obvious intergenerational transfer of altruism in Chinese families.Affected by neighborhood effect,the relationship between the socio-economic status of childhood community and the socio-economic status of childhood family is significant.(5)Life style(moderate drinking,reasonable sleep and healthy diet)has a moderating effect on the relationship between family socioeconomic status and successful aging and its components.(6)Under different models,the relationship between adult socioeconomic status and successful aging and its components is stable,and the impact of adult socioeconomic status on successful aging is significant.【Research Suggestions】(1)Family intervention in the early stage of life: increase the government’s macro-control measures to control children’s poverty,establish a multi angle and multi-level security mechanism for poor children by means of legislation,improve children’s family economic status,and block the intergenerational transmission of health unfairness;(2)From a multi-dimensional perspective,the comprehensive regulation of Community Governance: externally,the government should strengthen the governance of the community;internally,the community itself should innovate management measures,improve the environmental governance of the community,reduce pollution and other factors that damage people’s health,and actively play the role of community emotional ties to improve community participation;(3)Continuous promotion,effective intervention of adult health: pay attention to the influence of social and economic status in adulthood,strengthen health education and publicity,cultivate healthy living ability,actively promote the reemployment of middle-aged and elderly people,increase their income level,strengthen their ability and willingness of social integration,and macroscopically regulate the health contradiction between urban and rural areas;(4)The government and the community should actively create an environment conducive to improving the social participation of middle-aged and elderly people,urge them to strengthen physical exercise and provide more cultural and recreational facilities and equipment;health education publicity should actively follow up,strengthen the cultivation of their behaviors in moderate sleep and reasonable diet,change their bad drinking and smoking habits,and improve their physical and mental health Kang. |
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