Research On Disaster Waste Management Based On The Social System Engineering Theory

Major sudden natural disasters will produce large numbers of disaster ruins and waste with mixed types in a short time.Inappropriate waste management will not only affect the environment and public health but also affect almost every aspect of emergency response and recovery.Disaster waste management is an important part of emergency management,the internal logic of accurate emergency management,and the essential requirement of sustainable development.As a subsystem of emergency management,disaster waste management has obvious situational and professional characteristics and implementation needs all kinds of the administrative tools required by public management,such as specific strategic planning,system design and supporting policies.From the perspective of social system engineering theory,this study conducts systematic,comprehensive,and holistic research on the problem of disaster ruins and waste.Specifically,guided by Chekland‘s soft system methodology in the theoretical system of social systems engineering theory,an integrated research framework of "problem scenario analysis-theoretical model construction-current situation evaluation and countermeasures" is formed.Then using complex network analysis,content analysis,case analysis and other research methods,the research is carried out under the guidance of basic theories such as genetic theory,risk perception theory and actor-network theory.The details are as follows:Firstly,the research focus on the problem scenario analysis of disaster waste management.The scenario description of complex problems is conducive to clarifying the boundary of the system and the relevant influencing factors of the problem and promoting the overall cognition of the research object.Chekland’s soft system methodology regards scientific problems as the product of historical background and emphasizes that the cognition of complex problems needs the help of the perception of relevant subjects.Therefore,the research describes the complex problem scenario of disaster waste management from two dimensions.The first is systematically sorting out the background of disaster waste management from the perspective of historical construction at the macro level.It can trace back to the source,show the "realitytheory" process of the development of disaster waste management,and clarify the relationship between the influencing factors of disaster waste management.This part intends to answer the questions of how the development of disaster waste management is possible,how the governance field is formed,and what rational logic it contains.Finally,it summarizes the structural elements of the field scene,the related roles,the norms related to roles,the values related to norms,etc.The second is to perceive the risk of waste from the perspective of micro subject perception based on key functional nodes.This research makes risk judgment through the cognition of relevant subjects on the impact of disaster waste from different functional nodes such as emergency response,restoration and reconstruction and the next disaster management cycle.Then use the network topology to find the evolution mechanism of disaster waste risk,and grade the disaster risk based on the complex network tightness index,to build a "landscape" of disaster waste problems.Secondly,the research concentrates on the theoretical model construction and operation logic of disaster waste management.Based on the analysis of the problem scenario,the specific meaning of the six elements of ―CATWOE‖ is studied and defined.The connotation of the theoretical model of disaster waste management is defined according to the basic combinatorial logic required by the soft system methodology.On this basis,according to the first and second steps of the "comprehensive integration method" in the social system engineering theory,the theoretical elements of disaster waste management are identified and the model is constructed.The data sources of key elements identification mainly include foreign disaster waste management policy texts and relevant academic research.,and finally,a theoretical model is constructed.In addition,as a complex system of human activities,disaster waste management is bound to have interest conflicts and contradictions among various elements in the process of operation.Especially when the theory is preliminarily constructed and guiding practice,it is more necessary to straighten out the relationship between various elements before the operation,solve the possible contradictions and interest disputes,and promote the formation of the maximum joint force of various elements.This is the premise and foundation of transforming the theoretical model into a theoretical tool to guide practice.Therefore,it is necessary to discuss the operation logic of the theoretical model,mainly from the formation of dynamic mechanism and operation logic.Finally,the current situation evaluation and policy suggestions of disaster waste management are concluded.After completing the construction of the theoretical model,Chekland’s soft system methodology returns to the real problem world again.This research analyzes "how to do" in the real world,and evaluates whether there are activities defined in the theoretical system in real practice through "comparison" and how to improve them to do these activities better.Therefore,by comparing the theoretical model of disaster waste management with the practice of disaster waste management in China,the existing problems are found.The evaluation research is based on the following logical route.At first,based on the theoretical model of disaster waste management and the periodic characteristics of disaster waste management activities,the management efficiency evaluation framework with key points as the core is constructed,and the corresponding index system is formed.Second,the ADC evaluation model is introduced to evaluate the overall efficiency of disaster waste management in China with Zhouqu mud-rock flow waste disaster as the observation point.At the same time,the Kumamoto earthquake in Japan is selected as a comparative case to compare the gap between the overall efficiency and specific links.Third,based on the overall grasp and case analysis,this paper summarizes the problems of disaster waste management in China.It explores the root causes of the problems and puts forward some strategies to improve the efficiency of disaster waste management in China.Based on the above research contents,the main results of this study are as follows:(1)The main research results of the macro field scenario of disaster waste management include: first,from the perspective of genetic theory,the formation of disaster waste management field is affected by multiple internal and external factors,and the occurrence mechanism is vertically represented by the logic of "pressuremotivation-ability-action".Among them,the promotive factors contained in "pressure" include the increase of the number of disaster ruins and waste,the increasing complexity of the waste types,the increasing cost of treatment,the pressure of rules,norms,cognition,etc.The contributing factors contained in "motivation" include the need to realize the "asset attribute" of disaster waste,the need to resolve the potential social risks caused by waste,and the need to further improve the performance of emergency management.The promoting factors contained in "ability" include the improvement of governance ability,the improvement of environmental engineering technology and the optimization of social foundation.Second,the research further backtracked the development process of disaster waste management,verified and improved the vertical occurrence mechanism constructed in theory through crucial facts,and finally formed the occurrence model of disaster waste management.Thirdly,according to the information provided by the genetic model of disaster waste management,the structural elements in the scene of disaster waste management are determined.Among them,the roles related to structural elements include emergency managers,environmental governance participants,waste handlers,theoretical researchers of waste problems,etc.The norms related to roles include legal constraints on emergency management,legal constraints on waste management,international norms on waste disposal,etc.The values related to norms include ecological values,public values,sustainable development,etc.These structural elements,roles,norms,and values not only promote the formation of the disaster waste management field but also maintain the sustainable existence of the disaster waste management field.(2)For the risk perception of key functional nodes of disaster waste management,the 14 invited expert group members identified 27 potential risks caused by disaster waste to public safety through three rounds of consultation and feedback cycle.Based on the complex network theory,the network topology of disaster waste risk is constructed,the evolution mechanism of disaster waste risk is found,and the identified disaster risk is classified according to the improved complex network tightness index.According to the level of risk,it is divided into four levels.Among them,the risks caused by unknown ownership of private property,ecological damage,customs and culture conflict and random stacking have the greatest impact in the system,which belongs to the first level risk and largely determines the evolution trend of the whole system.The risk level of traffic accidents,economic losses,water and soil pollution,secondary disasters,traffic jams,rising crime rate,pressure on the treatment of the remains of the victims,causing the epidemic,hindering emergency rescue and other factors is also high,belonging to the second level of risk.Both primary and secondary risks need special attention and are crucial to maintaining social stability and improving emergency management performance.(3)The basic elements of the theoretical model of disaster waste management include main structure,policy system and supporting elements.The main structure includes the organizational coordinator,core promoter,important actors,and key supporters.The policy system is divided into two parts: laws and regulations and management plan according to the effectiveness level.The supporting elements include waste estimation tool,basic data system,disaster waste dynamic management system,typical case system,etc.Based on the elements and the main activity relationship of the elements,a theoretical model of disaster waste management with general significance is constructed.For the operational logic of the theory,on one hand,with the help of actor-network theory,this paper discusses the methods of conflict monitoring and conflict resolution paths within the elements of the theoretical model,so that each element can form an actor-network that can give full play to the maximum joint force.On the other hand,the study believes that the theoretical model should follow the whole process emergency management concept in practice,set key tasks and allocate resources according to the four continuous stages of mitigation,preparation,response,and recovery.That conducts a good job in the feedback and improvement of performance information in periodic management activities,revises the model in time,forms the "performance climbing" of management activities,and realizes better social governance of disaster waste.(4)The evaluation results of the development status of China’s disaster waste management show that there is still a large gap between the efficiency of China’s disaster waste management and the reference system.The problems include the traces of motional governance in the development characteristics and slow progress,the absence,dislocation,and loss of the main body in the main structure,and the contradiction between policy supply and demand with insufficient coordination and poor applicability in the policy system,The weakness and backwardness of supporting elements is a huge obstacle to the implementation of disaster waste management.The existence of the above problems will eventually lead to the comprehensive consequences of insufficient preparation and lagging response in the operation link.The causes of the problems include the path dependence of disaster waste management on the existing system from the perspective of historical institutionalism,the "legitimacy" crisis faced by the implementation of disaster waste management from the perspective of sociological institutionalism,and the interest game between "rational people" in disaster waste management from the perspective of rational choice institutionalism.Finally,according to the idea that the problems existing in management activities can be changed structurally,procedurally and "attitude" put forward by Chekland‘s soft system methodology,this study believes that the improvement of disaster waste management efficiency in China in the future needs to adhere to the following strategies: the overall design of disaster waste management system,pay attention to the whole process management and strengthen the cultural education of disaster waste management.