Research On Heteronomy Of Field Spectators Behavior In China

The governance of bad behavior of field spectators is one of the key topics concerned by academic circles in China.From littering to violent incidents of spectators,bad behaviors in different degrees have been flooding the field,showing a trend of generalization and diversification.Bad behaviors of spectators are repeatedly prohibited,which not only hinders the healthy development of sports events,but also has a negative impact on the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.Therefore,it is of great significance for maintaining the field environment and further promoting the construction of spiritual civilization to put forward effective governance strategies for bad behaviors of field spectators.In the process of restraining behavior,it is not enough to rely solely on self-discipline,Strengthening heteronomy can effectively make up for the limitations of self-discipline.In view of this,this study takes the governance of behavior of field spectators as the starting point,and puts forward effective heteronomy strategies as the ultimate goal,and makes a systematic and in-depth discussion on the problem of field spectator heteronomy in order to enrich the research of field spectator and provide necessary theoretical guidance for the practice of field spectator governance.In-depth interview,participatory observation,text analysis and case analysis are used to analyze the existing heteronomy ways of field spectator.Firstly,three core heteronomy ways of field spectator are determined,namely,legal regulation,field norms and moral constraints;Secondly,from the aspects of the present situation of heteronomy implementation,scope of powers and responsibilities or application,main contents and existing practical difficulties,this paper makes an in-depth analysis of the three heteronomy ways.Finally,integrating the results of the previous three studies,and guided by the social ecology theory,collaborative governance concept and triangle model,this paper puts forward the thought and practice path of heteronomy and multi-collaboration of field spectator.The conclusions were as follows:(1)The field spectator heteronomy is a force that directly regulates and constrains the behavior of spectators in the field by using forces other than the main body itself in the field environment,which can be divided into explicit heteronomy and implicit heteronomy.Explicit heteronomy mainly includes legal regulation and field behavior norms;Implicit heteronomy is dominated by moral constraints,which can include social morality,ethics,good customs and public opinion.Among them,legal regulation has the strongest binding force,which can ensure the strength and effectiveness of governance.The field code of conduct is centered,which can be supplemented in time where the legal system cannot be refined.The moral binding force of is relatively weak,which belongs to soft control.It is necessary to arouse shame and guilt for the forced subject under external moral pressure,and indirectly realize heteronomy for the implementing subject.With the increasing degree of deviation between the behavior of the field spectator and the norms,the choice of heteronomous measures has gradually transitioned from the lightest moral restraint to the mandatory legal regulation,and the control over the behavior of the spectator has also gradually increased.(2)The dilemma in the legal regulation of field spectators in China lies in the imperfect legal system construction,unclear judicial intervention procedures,lack of law enforcement supervision mechanism,etc.In the future optimization process,we can aim at the legal system and improve it from the aspects of legislation,justice,law enforcement,etc.,such as speeding up the progress and depth of revising the current law and highlighting the governance pertinence;Clear the boundary of judicial intervention,determine the scope of judicial jurisdiction,and correctly handle the realistic conflict between the degree of judicial intervention and the spectators’ watching experience;Clear discretion limitation and supervision mechanism to ensure the fairness and justice of law enforcement.(3)Code of conduct is a way of behavior governance between legal norms and moral constraints,which includes two parts,namely,"Instructions for Spectators Admission" inside the venue and "Discipline Code" of the whole industry.Its realistic dilemma mainly lies in three aspects: the norm formulation,the publicity of the specification and the implementation of the specification.The problems in the formulation of norms include the generalization of content and the insufficiency of norms;The problems of publicity include that the standard content publicity is not in place and the publicity form is single;Problems in implementation include the lack of professional governance and supervision system,which leads to the form being larger than practice.In the future,we can make the following improvements in related practices: first,increase the punishment regulations and implement the positive encouragement mechanism;Cancel the system of "substitute punishment" and rationally divide the responsibility after the event.Secondly,we should pay more attention to the publicity of field spectator behavior,publicize the norms by using popular media such as new media and short videos,and enrich the publicity methods of field spectator behavior norms by using the star effect and the role of fan leaders.Finally,we can strengthen the training of managers,improve their professional knowledge reserves,optimize the allocation of managers,increase the investment in the implementation of the norms,and establish the Rules for the Implementation of the Field Spectator’s Code of Conduct to clarify the powers of all parties and ensure the effective implementation of the norms.(4)Compared with the law and the code of conduct inside the field,the moral restraint is less mandatory,and its actual effectiveness mainly depends on the spectator’s own moral level.However,the individual’s moral level will be influenced by many factors,such as the degree of family education,the degree of individual socialization and the degree of self-demand,as well as the moral weakening effect of depersonalization in the environment and the moral enhancement effect of spectator identification.In the future,in the process of moral restraint,we need to adopt different forms to improve the spectator’s own moral level,create a moral atmosphere of obeying rules and regulations,and highlight the role of morality in spectator behavior governance.Specific measures include consolidating the ideological and moral construction of the field and public culture,strengthening the propaganda and guidance of socialist core values,innovating the moral governance model of the field,and promoting the digital moral governance.(5)Multi-governance can be an important guiding ideology for the effective operation of the field spectators heteronomy mechanism.Specifically,we should take legal regulation as the bottom line,and establish the guarantee system of field spectators heteronomy;Take the code of conduct as the starting point,and improve the core content of field spectators heteronomy;With the goal of moral restraint,we will guide the gradual transition from heteronomy to self-discipline of the field spectators,and realize diversified,multi-level and multi-subject coordination heteronomy.In terms of practical path,firstly,we should fully implement the "ban" measures of the field and speed up the process of professional legislation;secondly,we should improve the construction of the field management team to attract more subjects to participate in the governance;Finally,we should actively cultivate the honor and shame of the field,and speed up the construction of field morality and grandstand culture.