| College students’ social practice is a purposeful,planned and organized educational activity that colleges and universities and practice places implement according to talent training objectives and social actual needs,in accordance with the principles of education,talent and contribution,guide college students to use their spare time and holidays to enter the society,understand the society and serve the society,integrate ideological growth,academic learning and service action,and promote their all-round development of morality,intelligence,physical fitness,beauty and labor.Since the reform and opening up,in order to implement the educational policy of combining education with productive labor and social practice,adapt to the new situation of reform and meet the new needs of students,the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League,the Ministry of Education and other ministries and commissions have begun to organize and implement the social practice of college students.Over the past40 years,college students’ social practice has grown from scratch,from point to area,from shallow to deep,and has entered the stage of optimization and quality improvement with the arrival of the new era,through the implementation stages of embryonic start,popularization and standardized development.In the new development period,the pursuit of development scale and speed has become the past,and improving the actual effectiveness of education has become the value goal of college students’ social practice.The key issue is how to measure the effectiveness of college students’ social practice education,and what measures to improve its effectiveness.Service-Learning is an educational activity based on the principle of mutual benefit and win-win cooperation between universities and service places,which promotes the organic integration of service and learning,promotes universities to better fulfill their multiple missions,helps to improve the level of social governance at the grassroots level,and empowers both sides of the service sector according to the standardized operation process and the structural reflection method.As an exotic product from the West,it is closely related to the form and nature of college students’ social practice.It has not only been widely popularized abroad and achieved good results in Chinese Hong Kong and Chinese Taiwan,but also has carried out successful exploration and practice in some colleges and universities in the past 20 years since it was introduced into the mainland of China,providing new ideas,new paradigms,new methods and new ideas for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of college students’ social practice and education.On the basis of combing the concepts and theories related to college students’ social practice and Service-Learning,this research defines college students’ social practice,and deeply analyzes the necessity,feasibility and direction of using the Service-Learning theory for reference to carry out research on the effectiveness of college students’ social practice education,so as to lay a solid legal and realistic foundation for theoretical reference.Based on the research summary of Service-Learning evaluation and college students’ social practice evaluation,21 primary index elements and 111 secondary index elements of college students’ social practice education effectiveness evaluation index system were extracted.The Delphi method was used to solicit opinions from 18 experts,including college teachers,Communist Youth League theory researchers,college administrators,and local administrators,for three rounds,and the evaluation system for the process of college students’ social practice education,which consists of five first level indicators and 21 second level indicators,and the evaluation system for the results of college students’ social practice education,which consists of three first level indicators and nine second level indicators,was determined,And these two subsystems together constitute the evaluation index system of college students’ social practice education effectiveness.According to the indicator system and with reference to the relatively mature relevant scales,the first draft of the Evaluation Scale for the Process of College Students’ Social Practice Education and the Evaluation Scale for the Results of College Students’ Social Practice Education was compiled and tested.Project analysis and exploratory factor analysis were carried out to optimize the indicator system structure,delete and modify individual items,confirm that they have high reliability,and finally two scales were finalized.10000 college students from 30 colleges and universities were selected as subjects through cluster random sampling.Those who had participated in social practice filled in the process evaluation scale and the result evaluation scale,while those who had not participated in social practice only filled in the result evaluation scale.Take 400 college students of N University who participated in the summer social practice of "Three Rural Activities" in 2022 as the experimental group,and 400 college students who did not participate in this social practice as the control group,and organize students to fill in the result evaluation scale before and after the practice.Carry out confirmatory analysis to confirm that the theoretical model fits well with the survey data,and the scale has high reliability and validity.Thoroughly and thoroughly analyze the survey data,and conduct an all-round and multi perspective evaluation and analysis on the effectiveness of college students’ social practice education by means of process evaluation,result evaluation,horizontal comparative evaluation,vertical comparative evaluation,etc.Conduct in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders such as practical college students,instructors,university administrators,and local administrators,and achieve complementary advantages through a mixed qualitative and quantitative research design to improve the breadth,depth,and accuracy of research conclusions.The study found that college students’ social practice has a wide coverage,rich content and diverse forms,and the overall educational effect is good but not balanced.Some conclusions have a large deviation from people’s experience and impression.Nearly three quarters of college students have participated in social practice before graduation;The three types of social practice that college students participate in most are voluntary service,social investigation,and theoretical preaching;The evaluation score of college students’ education effectiveness process is 3.78 ± 0.58,and the evaluation score of education results is 3.89± 0.53,which is above the middle level;The total score and index scores of college students who have participated in social practice are significantly higher than those of students who have not participated in social practice;The total score of education result evaluation and the scores of each level index dimension of the low group students who participated in the summer social practice of "Three Visits to the Countryside" in school N were significantly higher than those before the practice;The higher the score of college students in the education process evaluation,such as student input,practice guarantee,content integration,reflective application,and process specification,the higher their total score in the education result evaluation and the score of indicators at all levels will also increase significantly.The necessity and rationality of using Service-Learning theory to optimize and improve college students’ social practice have been verified in the research.Meanwhile academic culture rejects social practice,the practice effect of arts and sports students is better,the higher the grade,the more realistic the practice is,the core role hinders the growth of practice,the amount of funds does not affect the practice effect,and the practice effect is different between urban and rural students,which reflects the differentiated development status of college students’ social practice and education effect,and also reflects some problems from different angles.To sum up,the existing problems of college students’ social practice mainly include the poor matching between practice supply and demand,inadequate combination of practice and specialty,obvious shortcomings in practice reflection,inadequate management of practice process,and the adverse impact of the COVID-19.The main reasons for these problems are inadequate ideological understanding,imperfect content system,imperfect working mechanism,and inadequate practice guarantee.In view of the above problems,we should take such countermeasures as promoting practical cooperation of mutual benefit and symbiosis,expanding the practice content of organic integration,scientifically implementing structural practice reflection,and elaborately carrying out standardized practice management. |
