Talent Introduction Policies And Urban Labor Force Allocation

China’s urbanization has entered a stage of high-quality development,and innovation-driven and improved human capital are important guarantees for high-quality urban development.Innovation and development cannot be separated from the spatial agglomeration of highly skilled labor force,and the flow of highly skilled labor force is the most important force to improve the allocation of urban labor force.As an important and widely adopted regional development policy tool of local governments,talent introduction policy has a strong attraction to the flow of labor force,especially the middle and high-end labor force,and accelerates the talent gathering and knowledge spillover of labor force.Under the high dimensional competition of human resources between cities,the systematic impact of talent introduction on labor allocation is often ignored in previous studies.It is generally believed that the talent introduction policy provides a guarantee for attracting talents and creates an environment for the development of urban talents.But at the same time,imitation and competition are common in the formulation of talent policies in different regions,which restrains the externality of talent agglomeration to a certain extent,and the social welfare consequences are worth discussing.Therefore,this paper analyzes and discusses the design and effect of talent policy in regional economics through the effective integration of talent introduction policy,labor force scale,labor force structure,labor force quality and labor force spatial flow.Based on the cost-utility function,this paper introduces the talent policy into the Rosen-Roback model and extends the model to the spatial equilibrium model.It further enriches and improves the labor allocation theory in urban economics.Then,a credible identification strategy is constructed to analyze the influence mechanism,direction and policy effect between talent introduction policy and urban labor force allocation from three progressive relationships: structure effect of labor force scale allocation,agglomeration effect of labor force quality allocation and spillover effect of labor human capital spatial allocation.This paper focuses on the labor market allocation of talent introduction policy,especially the allocation of high-quality labor force.The main research conclusions are summarized as follows:In the aspect of theoretical analysis,this paper attempts to construct a theoretical framework of the impact of talent introduction policy on the labor market,involving cost-utility model,labor migration model,city selection model and space spillover model,and explores the internal mechanism of talent introduction policy affecting urban labor allocation.The results show that:(1)In the cost-utility model,a simple equilibrium probability selection model of talent introduction policy on high-skilled labor migration is constructed by using the heterogeneous skilled labor demand and supply model and the labor migration model,and the equilibrium solution of the cost-utility function is analyzed.(2)Integrate the talent introduction policy into the Rosen-Roback city selection model and analyze the simplified spatial selection function model of the talent introduction policy’s impact on labor allocation.(3)In the multi-game situation of increasing the intensity of talent introduction policies,policies will affect the efficiency of labor and human capital allocation in neighboring cities.In the aspect of characteristic fact analysis,this paper uses the Chinese Academy of Sciences ICTCLA(NLPIR)word segmentation system and government work reports to analyze the local government’s talent introduction policy.(1)This paper adopts a big data semantic intelligent analysis platform to construct textual quantitative indicators of talent introduction policies.This paper uses text mining and text classification and subdivision methods to construct a talent introduction policy index system for 4250 government work reports of 285 cities at prefecture level and above from 2003 to 2020,which involve more than 24.5 million words related to talent introduction,and quantitatively analyzes the policy changes since the strategy of strengthening China through talent was put forward.(2)This paper uses 2000-2020 census data and the dislocation subtraction method to estimate the size of the labor force and uses the China industrial enterprise database and the location entropy method to estimate the concentration level of the labor force.The panel data of 285 cities at or above the prefecture level from 2003 to 2020,the labor income method,and the Aoki factor allocation efficiency measurement method are used to estimate the labor quality upgrading level and human capital mismatch.(3)There is a strong correlation between the policy of talent introduction and the allocation of labor force in both time and space.From 2003 to2020,more and more cities participated in talent competition,the degree of convergence and preference in policy making among cities increased,and the degree of policy dispersion between cities decreased.The labor flow tends to be more and more centralized,and the high-agglomeration cities are distributed in a dot pattern in space,and the human capital mismatch between cities has existed for a long time.In the aspect of empirical analysis,this paper fully explains and verifies the mechanism of the progressive relationship between talent introduction policy and the structure effect of labor quantity allocation,the agglomeration effect of labor quality allocation and the spillover effect of labor space allocation.The results show that:(1)The overall influence of talent introduction policy on labor force size presents a U-shaped curve.Due to the skill complementarity between the migration of the population with high or low education level,the growth of the educational structure of the urban population is inhibited to a certain extent.The talent introduction policy will affect the age structure,education structure and labor industry structure allocation within the city.Meanwhile,the policy of talent introduction will affect the labor structure through two intermediary paths of improving housing price and increasing subsidy income.(2)There is a significant positive correlation between talent introduction policy and labor force quality agglomeration.Based on the heterogeneity of east,central and west regions,urban agglomerations,city types and policy types,this paper verifies that the talent introduction policy has a positive promoting effect on the improvement of urban labor quality,and the agglomeration effect of talent introduction policy is significant.The talent introduction policy will have an impact on the quality of urban labor market through the complementarity of high and low skills and the agglomeration externality.The complementarity of high and low skills has a significant intermediary effect,while the agglomeration externality has a significant masking effect.(3)The policy of talent introduction plays a significant role in promoting the efficiency of human capital allocation.This paper constructs three categories of 11 kinds of spatial weight matrices,and adopts six spatial measurement models to conduct empirical tests on the allocation efficiency of human capital,verifying that the spillover effect between different city categories is asymmetrical.The higher the city level,the greater the competition.The top-down spatial spillover effect is concentrated in the third type of cities,which has a significant complementary effect on human capital allocation with the second-type cities and the first-type cities.In the manifestation of bottom-up spatial spillover effect,second-type cities will be significantly affected by the siphon effect of first-type urban policies.This paper breaks through the previous perspective of fragmented talent introduction policy,on the basis of NLPIR system and government work report,systematically deals with talent introduction policy,constructs an innovative index system,and defines the policy content.Starting from the perspective of talent introduction policy,the explanation of labor space economic activities is more consistent with the labor market allocation rule under the background of ‘talent is the first resource’,and can better dialogue the theoretical and practical basis of regional and urban space policies.Labor allocation is a classic problem in the field of economics,but after the introduction of talent introduction policy,it gradually evolves into a new problem.The report to the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly points out that the strategy of strengthening China through human resources should be thoroughly implemented and a more active,open and effective human resources policy should be implemented.The research of this paper is highly consistent with it.