| For the sustainable development of private enterprises,transformation and upgrading is the most important and most difficult subject,and has always been the focus of political,business and academic circles.Over the past 40 years since the Reform and Opening-up,private enterprises in China has developed at high speed,started from the scratch,its scale rising from small to big,its power growing from weak to strong,its range expanding from domestic to international,and now it has become the main force of national economy.Since2015,the implementation of policies such as “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”,reform of the commercial system,streamlining administration and delegating power has radically stimulated the enthusiasm of civil entrepreneurship,and a great lot of private enterprises have come into being by this chance,which has infused new vitality into economic development.However,at present,China’s economic development has entered a new normal.With the rapid development of the Internet and artificial intelligence technology,the past high-input,high-consumption,high-emission,low-efficiency extensive economy has made economic structure adjustment and supply-side reform inevitable,thus the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises is extremely imminent.However,faced with domestic and international environmental constraints,market depression,financing problem,transformation difficulty and many other problems,pressures and challenges,it is very difficult for private enterprises to achieve healthy and sustainable development through smooth transformation and upgrading.Therefore,it is of new-era significance to explore the internal and external factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises,as well as the functional mechanism of different factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises.This paper studies the functional mechanism of how entrepreneurs’ transformative ability,political capital and innovation ability influencing the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises,as well as the interrelation among different factors,whose result become theoretical references and countermeasures for private enterprises to overcome difficulties,get out of the predicament,formulate transformation and upgrading development strategies,and smoothly realize transformation and upgrading.Based on the systematic research of domestic and international studies,the weak link of present study is found,therefore this paper puts forward these pivotal questions and intends to solve these questions: 1.What are the key factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises? 2.What is the internal functional mechanism of different factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises? 3.Is there any interaction between factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises? If there is,what kind of functional mechanism is it? 4.One of the premises of studying above questions is to quantify and measure the transformation or upgrading of private enterprises,and its relevant factors.Through the statistics of sample data,this paper analyzes the internal functional mechanism among constructs.Then how to measure above constructs?Based on the above research questions,this paper comprehensively uses the methods of literature research,questionnaire survey,interview method,case study and statistical analysis to carry out standardized research design and research implementation.Firstly,form a research framework based on relevant theories.Based on relevant theories,such as transformational leadership theory,social capital theory,resource-based theory,etc.,this paper made a review of relevant,classic and cutting-edge literature,combining with the current management situation,then comprehensively analyzed the key factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises.This paper further conducted deductive logical reasoning from the theoretical level,and proposed the hypothesis relationship among various research constructs(factors).Finally,a systematic research framework consists of entrepreneurs’ transformative ability,political capital,innovation ability and the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises was constructed.Secondly,use case study to explore potential mechanisms.Rooted in the micro-practice of the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises,this paper further used exploratory case study method to conduct practical research and analysis on four typical enterprises(Geely,Chint,Huawei and Haier).The choice of the four case enterprises took several factors into account,including difference of industry,difference of transformation and upgrading paths,difference of enterprises size,difference of age,etc.The functional mechanism and path of how entrepreneurs’ transformative ability,political capital and innovation ability affect the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises was revealed,and the research questions and research framework of this paper were optimized through standardized case study process and the coding thought based on grounded theory.Finally,verify relevant hypothesis through empirical tests.Through the combination of questionnaire survey and field research,this paper obtained a large number of first-hand questionnaire data,and conducted a large sample empirical test on the hypothesis relationship proposed in this paper to verify whether the research conclusion is valid.Specifically,this paper executed scientific data collection to 600 private enterprises in Beijing,Hubei,Jiangxi,and Shanxi.Based on the questionnaire data collected,software SPSS 22.0 was used for data reliability and validity verification,correlation analysis,regression analysis and continuous intermediate effect analysis,then the theoretical hypothesis was validated.Based on literature research,case studies and empirical analysis,several conclusions are formed:(1)Entrepreneurs with strong transformative ability are more inclined to promote the transition of enterprises into new business areas through the mechanism of organizational change,equity distribution,efficiency improvement and resource input,or to upgrade enterprises in existing business areas.(2)Political capital can reduce the financing constraints of private enterprises,improve the reputation of private enterprises,break down the industry barriers faced by private enterprises,help private enterprises to obtain innovative resources,and thus promote the transformation or upgrading of private enterprises.(3)Innovation ability is not only the key factor that affects the transformation or upgrading of private enterprises,but also the internal functional mechanism which determines how entrepreneurs’ transformative ability and political capital influence the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises.Only with strong innovation ability,it is possible to achieve transformation and upgrading.(4)For private enterprises,the acquisition of political capital is also closely related to entrepreneurs’ own transformative ability.When the entrepreneur has strong transformative ability,it is easier to obtain external political capital.Therefore in the relationship between entrepreneur’s transformative ability and the transformation or upgrading of private enterprises,political capital and innovation ability play the role of successive intermediaries.The contribution of this paper is mainly reflected in the construction of a systematic framework that affects the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises from the perspective of the integration of multiple theories.It breaks through the limitations of the single theory in explaining how private enterprises realize transformation and upgrading.It can also provide a comprehensive decision-making idea for business decision makers.Specifically,it combines the core viewpoints and research perspectives of transformational leadership theory,resource-based theory and social capital theory,and proposes a systematic framework of “entrepreneur’s transformational leadership-political capital-creativity-transformation and upgrading of private enterprises”.The research framework comprehensively analyzes the key factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises,as well as the mechanism,path and relationship of different factors.Through normative literature research,case studies and empirical research,relevant theoretical propositions and hypothetical relationships,regardless of logical reasoning,realistic situation or the statistical analysis of large samples,has been verified and supported.This shows that the theoretical framework proposed in this paper is reliable and scientific,and has certain theoretical guiding significance for the analysis and resolution of real problems.At the same time,from the practice perspective,the findings will help entrepreneur continuously improve themselves’ transformation capability,establish and maintain proactive relationship between government and enterprises,gather more and more of the political capital,and always have a sense of innovation,continuous enhance creativity,ultimately achieve the transformation or upgrading of the enterprise,enhance the core competitiveness,and create a “hundred-year-old shop” to make the enterprise evergreen. |
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