The Study Of Village Residence Energy-saving Design And Strategy Of Fuling District In Chongqing City

Statistical data shows that the building energy consumption accounts for about 30% of the national energy consumption in china, and rural residential energy consumption has accounted for about 17% of the total building energy consumption. Obviously, it is of great significance to develop vigorously the rural residential energy-saving building. In recent years, national built-up building area is nearly 2 billion square meters every year, and national rural residence has maintained nearly 700 million square meters every year. Owing to the traditional habit and construction cost, solid clay brick walls, wooden doors, monolayer glass windows and other enclosure structure are used massively in rural residence. The heat loss resulting from poor air tightness accounts for more than half of all building heat loss. With the improvement of living standards of rural residents, various electrical heating and refrigeration equipment are widely used in rural residential buildings. Because of poor insulation properties, these high energy-consumption traditional residences naturally become big energy consumption. In view of the shortage status of energy resources in china and the world, it is immediacy to effectively slow down the growth of building energy consumption, especially for the rural residence. There is great gap between urban and rural economic development level, so it has very important practical significance to explore a suitable, economic, and sustainable energy development path for rural housing construction, and thus reduce the rural residential energy consumption, according to particular geographical environment.At present, Chongqing, like other countries of China, home appliance equipment facilities are increasing along with the ceaseless improvement of villager's living level and the state preferential policies of home appliances to the countryside, especially, the use of electrical equipment for summer cooling and winter heating(such as air condition, heaters and so on) becomes more and more common. But the traditional country houses cause the inefficiency of modern cooling heating equipment in use. It not only causes a huge waste of energy, but also leads to a greater cost of living of the villagers. Most of the country houses in Chongqing lack of building energy saving awareness, and have less practical building energy-efficient designs which correspond with the country house.For this reason, this paper will study the energy-efficient design and policy of country house. The effective ways of reducing energy consumption of the country house are expect to be found to increase the level of rural residential energy and environmental protection. The country houses of Chongqing Fuling are taken as the object of study. Field random sampling investigations are used on five streets, eighteen towns and twenty-two countries of Fuling district. Influence factors such as local climate condition, natural resources, villagers' energy efficiency awareness, type and application of energy-consumption appliances, Village'bad orientations, country house's site, building materials and so on are involved.According to the research findings, most of the country houses are of the villagers' own building. Village appearance has no regional features and many problems, for instance, large heat transfer coefficient of the enclosure structure, hysteretic environmental protection awareness of villagers, less care about orientation, shortage of sunshine lighting, unsuitable site planning, worse quality of indoor thermal environment, high building energy consumption and so on.For these factors, it's good to combine building design with ecological environment of country to reduce energy consumption of house, taking advantage of better environmental and natural resource and plenty of green and water resources. Site selection and planning, architecture design techniques are studied as two core aspects of country house energy-saving, reduce the use of machinery system and equipment. It is established in regional angle which considered both building energy-saving design and the style design of building shape. Suitable technical means are used for local inheriting cultures. The combination of building energy-saving design and building shape demonstrate local architectural features and achieve the goal of energy-saving of rural residence. It fills the empty blanks on building energy-saving design of rural residence of Chongqing.This dissertation shows that energy-saving designs and optimal strategies of the rural residence construction in the Fuling district:1. For the rural residences in the Fuling district, it ought to select locations in the light of the natural climate, and the layout should be parallel to the contour line when considering that the mountain-valley breeze is used to organize the draught.2. Considering that less of sunshine in the Fuling district, the southern slopes, in which the terrain is relatively flat and the location is relatively low, are preferably selected to construct buildings in order to obtain more sunlight resources. The orientation of the rural residence is chosen according to the sunshine factor, and the suitable orientation of the rural residence in the Fuling district is the north-south direction, specifically from the south by east with 15°to the south by west with 5°.3. Since most villages of the Fuling district are in mountainous area, and are restricted by terrain, so the freestyle layout is suitable for the housing layout.4. For the rural residences in the Fuling district, there is abundant vegetation and ample water resources, so evergreen native plants can be used to shade the west wall, and the ficus virens which are the city tree of Chongqing and belong to the deciduous arbors, can be plant in the south for sun shade in summer. Because there are plenty of lands in the rural outdoors, many natural cold sources can be provided to decrease indoor temperature, such as reinforcing greening around the residence, laying the fish pond, and so on.5. The energy-saving architectural space combination is that trying to use the rectangular plane, adopting the townhouse layout. In addition, so that we could acquire better energy-saving effects, three to five floors are suitable, shape factor should be controlled no more than 0.4, and the pitched roof, which has good effect of heat insulation and leak-proof, should be chosen as the house roof.6. Choosing the plastic steel of double glazing of side-hung window, can produce good thermal performance and large ventilation area. In order to reinforce natural ventilation in summer and prevent wind in winter, we should strictly control principle of area ratio of window to floor, eastern and northern area ratio of window to floor should be smaller, even closed or opening a small one in the west, and simultaneously opening a bigger window in the south.7. According to the principle of using local materials, fired perforated brick can be used for the bearing wall of rural residences in the Fuling district, and the construction measures are as follows: 240mm bearing hollow-bricks,20mm thick insulation mortars inside,20mm thick normal mortars outside, the thermal inertia index is 3.61, and the heat transfer coefficient is 1.26,which can meet the construction thermal design standard of Chongqing.8. Combining the building energy-saving techniques with the building sculpt design, will highlight the Bayu regional characteristics, inherit the architectural history context, and get back lost rural feeling of belonging, moreover, without loss of era characteristics.