Study On The Ecological Design Of Public Rental Housing Community In Chongqing

As the world is facing both environmental problem and energy crises, ecological design has become widely recognized and encouraged, and will inevitably lead the development of architectural design in the future. With the housing security system being constantly improved, public rental housing, which the public has been expecting for long, has started to spring up in a number of cities in China, contributing to a new upsurge in construction of low-income housing. Chongqing is leading the upsurge. However, due to the great construction demand and short construction period, ecology has been always neglected during design and construction of the public rental housing community. For instance, inadequate importance has been attached to the higher transportation cost and resource consumption due to remote location of the housing, impact of high-density development on environmental quality and city image, restriction of smaller flat type on architectural ventilation and lighting, contradiction between the expectation of the new-generation consumers and economy of the project, etc.This article focuses on"ecological design"and explains the ecological strategy for design of the residential area of public rental housing, as well as that during use of the housing, from the architectural point of view, with geographical & climatic condition and the development direction of Chongqing taken into consideration. It aims at providing survey information and basic achievement for the ecological design in Chongqing, and offering suggestions on how to build low-carbon and economical housing. Moreover, results of this study are expected to meet the country's urgent demand for study results on residential area of the ecological public rental housing community.After visiting and investigating the under-construction and already-built the public rental housing community, we carried out quantitative evaluation on the ecology of the rental housing community during its planning & designing stage at Chayuan Area of Nan'an District, Yuanyang Area of New North Zone, and Caijia Area of Beibei District according to the ecological standard for evaluation specified in the Handbook of Technological Evaluation on Ecological Residential Area of China. Through investigating, evaluating and analyzing the problems and conditions of the current ecological design, we came up with the following three basic principles with regards to the ecological design for the public rental housing community in Chongqing: firstly, adequate attention should be paid to the regionalism; secondly, architectural type and the ecological design should be compatible with each other; thirdly, suitability of economy and technology is as well important.According to the above principles, the middle part of this article presents specific strategy on ecological design of the public rental housing community in respect of its site selection, residential area planning, and single building. As to the site selection, comprehensive analysis and discussion is conducted mainly focusing on natural ecological perspective, economic ecological perspective and social ecological perspective; as to the residential area planning, analysis and research are carried out in terms of development intensity, land conservation, ventilation & lighting optimization, environmental construction, etc.; and as to the single building, study is carried out on high-rise residential buildings, which correspond with the land condition and current construction situation of Chongqing, from the point of view of energy & material saving, lighting & sunshade, inner-corridor ventilation, and sustainable application.Through discussing the feasibility of adopting"tube-type ecological residential model"in public rental housing and responding to the requirement and target of architectural ecological design stated in previous paragraphs with a specific design scheme, this article comes to a conclusion that the tube-type model is basically capable of satisfying the actual demand of current consumers, and demonstrates practical significance in terms of lighting & ventilation, energy & material saving, energy saving & environmental protection, equality, high efficiency, etc.In addition, this article approves the necessity and feasibility of applying ecological design concept to the public rental housing community of Chongqing, and proposes effective ecological strategies and creative schemes with regards to each design aspect, in the hope that this study will exert positive effect on the overall structure of architectural design theory of low-income housing, and offer guidance for design of the public rental housing in Chongqing.