Studies On Biological Features Of Flowering And Tissue Culture Of Anthurium Andreanum

With the rapid development of commercial production in the past 20 years, the industry of anthurium has begun to take shape in China. However, the seedlings for commercial production are mainly imported from the Netherlands and the United States, this will limit the development of anthurium industry in China greatly.The aim of this project is to follow each development stages of the inflorescence in order to study the biological feature of flowering, the development of male gametophyte and ovule in Anthurium andreanum "Arizona" and try to find the optimum opportunity for its pollination. Methods of dissection and paraffin section were adopted to examine the structural characteristics of anthurium's tiny floret and the development of the inflorescence. The photo-documentations were performed using the Olympus BH-2 and the NiKon HFX- II.All the florets of the anthurium arranged on the rhachis helically subtended by a colorful bract. Each tiny floret owned one gynoecium, four tepals and four stamina. The bract and the florets show different colors during the whole blooming period. The ovary is bicarpellary and has two locules, each of which has one anatropous ovule. And the placenta is central placentation. The stylar canal cells not only can produce the secretory mucilage but also can release their own cytoplasm caused by their self-disintegration before the pistil reached its maturity. The ovule is bitebmic and the inner layer of integument is made up of many cells which with a conspicious cell nucleusare tidhtly arranged. And the 1 — celled embryonary sac formed at the third stage. When the pistil reached it mature, the egg apparatus can be seen in the nucellus.The pollen grains were 2-celled at the time of anther dehiscence. The optimum opportunity for pistil to get the pollen grains in on the early morning when the inflorescence stays at its fifth development stage. And the pollen-collection should be done at the end of the seventh stage.The culture and propagation of mature seeds in vitro of Anthurium andreanum "Arizona" were carried out. The results showed that the germination of the seeds was an easy thing. The optimal medium at callus culture stage were 1/2MS+ 1.0mg/L KT +1 .0mg/L BA+0.2mg/L 2,4—D. After 40 days culture on this medium, the calli were all large.The plantlets formed could be transplanted easily, the survuval rate was high.