| Pistacia chinensis Bunge belongs to Anacardiaceae, Pistacia L., and is dioecious which has high oil content in seeds. It is a good biodiesel feedstock energy species and its roots, stems, leaves and barks could be used as medicine,. Along the research advanced, Pistacia chinensis Bunge resources are exploited continually and widely applicated in large scope, the resource of Pistacia chinensis Bunge could not be meet the market demands to natural reproduction alone.The study of its asexual propagation technology can shorten the culture cycle, provide a large number of seedlings, which can reduce production cost to quickly improve the economic benefits, and have potential industrialized applications.Sex identification of plants is not only of great significance in the theory, but also in the practice. It can achieve a greater level of the economic benefits based on the reasonable control the proportion of female and male plants.In this paper, the seeds and leaves of male and female plants were used as materials, and tissue culture techniques have been studied for its propagation. Furthermore, isozyme and RAPD analysis were used to compare the difference between male and female plants of Pistacia chinensis Bunge to provide foundation of mechanism of sex determination in Pistacia chinensis Bunge in practice and to provide reliable indicators to the sex identification of Pistacia chinensis Bunge earlier. The main results are as follows:1. Researches on the tissue culture and rapid propagation of cotyledonary nodes in Pistacia chinensis Bunge. The results of cotyledon tissue culture of Pistacia chinensis Bunge tissue culture research shows that: the best shoot induction medium is 1/2WPM+6-BA 2.0 mg·L-1+ IBA 0.1 mg·L-1, the average induction rate of bud up to 75.0%, the number of buds formation per explant was 4.3, shoot length an average of 0.77cm; the best proliferation medium is 1/2WPM+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+ IBA 0.1mg·L-1. The average multiplication coefficient is 9.0; the best rooting medium is 1/2WPM+IBA 1.0 mg·L-1+ NAA 0.02 mg·L-1, the rooting rate reached 100%.2. Sex identification of Pistacia chinensis Bunge by isozyme. The results of Isozyme analysis of the Pistacia chinensis Bunge showed that the female tree had eight specific bands, while the male tree has two specific bands. Esterase staining showed that: male tree had nine specific bands, the female tree had a specific enzyme band. Polyphenol oxidase staining showed: male tree had five specific bands, the female tree had two specific bands. To further investigate the accuracy of isozyme identification of male and female, 10 different age pistacia chinensis Bunge were used in this study for testing, the results showed that: the accuracy of the three isozymes are more than 70%, of which the right of polyphenol oxidase of up to 100%. The results showed that: there are the gender-related bands, and more than one bands in the isozymes between male and female plants leaves of Pistacia chinensis It can be the the sex identification basis of male and female plants of Pistacia chinensis Bunge.3. Sex identification of Pistacia chinensis Bunge based on RAPD and its transformation to SCAR marker. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was employed to study of the sex difference in Pistacia chinensis Bunge. In this experiment, the conventional method of CTAB DNA extraction was improved. The result showed that:the bands of the extracted DNA using improved CTAB method were clear and no RNA contamination indicated by electrophoresis, that OD260 and OD280 ratio at around 1.8, and the bands amplified by RAPD was clear, non-diffusion phenomena, brightness uniformity. RAPD-PCR amplification system was optimized.Based on the sequence analysis. specific fragment was translated into better reproducibility and stability SCAR markers. The result showed that, the 550bp bands of the SCAR primers S1420-11C, associated with female plants can be applied well in gender identification of Pistacia chinensis Bunge.
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