Correlation Analysis On Chemical Components Of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves And Soil And Meteorological Factors In Guizhou Province

In this experiment, 43 tobacco-growing areas were selected in Guizhou Province. The chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves, soil nutrition and meteorological factors were analyzed. The results showed that:1. Major chemical components of 4979 tobacco samples in Guizhou tobacco-growing areas were analyzed and studied. The results indicated as follows.(1) As far as nitrogen components were concerned, the average nicotine contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 4.01%, 2.73% and 1.93%. The average total nitrogen contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 2.21%, 1.78% and 1.66%. The average ratio of nitrogen to nicotine ranged from 0.60 to 0.74. The average protein contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 8.77%, 7.59% and 7.65%. The order (from high to low) of total nitrogen contents in four areas formed by clustering was IV area (Guiyang and Qiannan), I area (Bijie and Liupanshui), II area (Anshun and Qianxinan) and III area (Qiandongnan, Zunyi and Tongren). The tobacco of high nicotine, high total nitrogen and high protein mainly distributed in IV area(Guiyang and Qiannan).As far as nitrogen components were concerned, the average reduced sugar contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 19.77%, 23.81% and 24.42%; the average total sugar contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 27.27%, 22.58% and 27.60%; the starch contents were higher as a whole, and the average starch contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 5.28%, 5.22% and 4.71%. The contens of reduced sugar and total sugar in I area (Bijie and Liupanshui) and II area (Anshun and Qianxinan) were relatively higher, and that in IV area (Guiyang and Qiannan) was the lowest. The contens of starch in II area (Anshun and Qianxinan) were the highest, and that in I area (Bijie and Liupanshui) was the lowest. The average ratio of reduced sugar to nicotine ranged from 6 to 10, and that in I area (Bijie and Liupanshui) and IV area (Guiyang and Qiannan) were respectively the highest and the lowest. The average potass contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 2.02%, 2.34% and 2.77%; The contens of potass in III area (Qiandongnan, Zunyi and Tongren) and II area (Anshun and Qianxinan) were respectively the higest and lowest. The contents of chlorine were relatively lower, and the average chlorine contents of upper leaves, cutters and lower leaves were respectively 0.26%, 0.20% and 0.20%. The contens of chlorine in I area (Bijie and Liupanshui) were the highest, and that in II area (Anshun and Qianxinan) was the lowest.2. The 43 soil samples from Guizhou tobacco-growing areas were analyzed. With the principle that was one kind sample to one kind soil relatively. In this study that samples were collected from the top soil(0～20cm). The chemical nutrition was analyzed. The results showed that the content of organic matter in tobacco-growing soil of the whole province was high. The content of total nitrogen and available ammonia was in the middle level. The third district nitrogen's content was the lowest, and it was not obvious difference with other districts. The content of P was relatively rich. The total P and available P distributing were not consistent with each other, the first was the highest, the others were not obvious differences. The lowest content of available P was the third district. The content of total K was rich, the available K reached middle level. The cluster's districts soil didn't have the same content of the two elements. The pH Value and total K, CEC and available K's distributing characteristics were not different. The content of available S in the soil was relative high. The content of exchange Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Mo were rich. The content of Cl in the soil was obvious low, and its distributing was asymmetry. Some tobacco-growing areas of low Cl should add some Cl fertilizer to the soil. The middle contents of Cu and Zn in soil were benefiting to the tobacco's growing. Some tobacco-growing areas of high content Cu and Zn should strengthen control. The tobacco-growing areas of the whole province didn't reach obvious difference, and it could completely satisfy the condition of tobacco growing. The tobacco growing soil lack the element of B, and all the tobacco-growing areas didn't fluctuate very obvious. This phenomena limited the high grade tobacco leaves' production, the B should fertilizer reasonable with the condition of tobacco-growing areas.3.Accoding to the chemical components, the tobacco-growing areas of Guizhou province were divided into four by the method of cluster analysis. The meteorological data of production season in every tobocco-growing areas were generalized analyzed. The results showed that: (1) I area (Bijie and Liupanshui): in tobacco production season, the daily average temperature and groud temperature at 10 cm were relatively lower, the precipitation rainfall was fewer during the seedbed stage and transplanting, the rainfall was centralism in July and August. Similarly, the relative humidity was lower during earlier period and higher during later period, the tendency was increased gradually during the whole growth period, and was decreased a little in September. The sunsine hours were longer. (2) II area ( Anshun and Qianxman):in this area ,the daily average temperature and groud temperature at 10 cm were relatively lower during the whole growth period, and were only higher than II area. The rainfall was fewer during earlier period, but the rainy season was coming early, the precipitation rainfall was increased obvious in May, the precipitation was rich during the whole growth period and was the highest in Guizhou province. The relative humidity was relatively lower in April and May(only higher than I area) and was decreased gradually later, and was the highest one in July. The sunshine hours were longer in April, May and June, but was decreased obviously later because of the increasing of rainfall. The sunshine hours were the lowest in Guizhou province during this period. (3) III area (Qiandongnan, Zunyi and Tongren): the daily average temperature and groud temperature at 10 cm were the highest one in Guizhou province in this area, and that was significantly higher than other tobacco-growing areas particularly in July and August. The rainfall was rich during earlier period and was highest in April, but it decreased obviously in May comparied with other areas, especially in June and August. The relative humidity was higher(only lower than IV area)in April and May, but it was significantly lower than other areas after May because of the decreasing of precipitation rainfall. The sunshine hours in this area were the shortest in April and May, after then it was increased obviously and coming to the highest one in Guizhou province. (4) IV area (Guiyang and Qiannan): the daily average temperature and groud temperature at 10 cm were relatively higher in this area, it was only lower than III area, but it had a period of low temperature period in April. The precipitation rainfall was relatively richer during earlier period, but it was lacking during Mid and late period. The relative humidity was always the highest one in Guizhou province during the whole growth period, and that was stabled. The sunshine hours were less during the earlier period, and that were relatively longer in July and August.4. The relativity between Chemical Components and soil factors, Meteorological indicators. The results indicated that the most correlative four soil factors with soluble sugar were manganese, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and zinc in turn. With reducing sugar were total phosphorus, manganese, chlorine and total nitrogen. With chlorine were zinc, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and pH. With nicotine were manganese, total phosphorus, nitrate nitrogen and available nitrogen. The most correlative soil factors with total nitrogen were nitrate nitrogen, manganese and total potassium in turn. With starch were manganese, total potassium and nitrate nitrogen in turn. The potassium content of flue-cured tobacco was mainly affected by soil organic matter, nitrate nitrogen, available potassium, iron, boron and CEC. The regression analysis results indicated that soluble sugar, reducing sugar and starch were chiefly affected by sunshine hours. Nicotine and total nitrogen were chiefly affected by daily average temperature and ground temperature at 10cm. Protein and potassium were chiefly affected by ground temperature at 10cm and relative humidity. The chlorine content of flue-cured tobacco was mainly affected by rainfall.