Study On Hainan Island Nature Disasters And The Resisting Measures Of Them During The 40 Years (1949-1988)

Hainan Island is a district of heavy disasters with high frequency in the history. Instructed by the theory of historical materialis, utilizing the methodologies of history, geography, sociology and other relatives, this article is aimed at exploring the environments, categories, characteristics of the disasters in Hainan Island and their effects, since the foundation of the PRC (1949-1988),managing to outline all the effective measures taken to fight with and resist the disasters at that time, with my private hope that it certainly can offer some beneficial guidings and experience to today's disaster project of Hainan Island.The occurrence of natural disasters is a process that the nature which seems to be an outside force affects human society, a result of interactions of natural and social environments. The environments of nature and society are: on one hand, the complex climate, terrain, river and soil vegetation of Hainan Island is one important nature situation leading to heavy disasters; on the other hand, as our nation continuously explores Hainan Island faster and faster, with much of the original forest cut, the ecology of Hainan Island once turned worse and worse; Further more, with the less developed economy and society and poor basement for farmlands then, the disasters are heavier and heavier with a higher and higher frequency. Besides, the left-preference ideology of the special period (1950-1960) made most of people then blindly self-confident, ignoring resisting and treating the disasters, which undoubtedly strengthened the damages of disasters.For the interaction of the natural and social environments, during the 40 years, the main nine disasters of typhoon, drought, flood, cold, tidy, pest and thunder-flash and even other small disasters broke out in Hainan Island, adding up to 235,6 times per year on average, among which typhoon has the heaviest damage, during the 40 years, there were 34 times of all the 36 times typhoon disasters happening, causing loss or damage of mass people and other equipments ,especially the 1950s and the 1980s which evidently are heaviest two periods. Drought has a highest frequency, during the 40 years, altogether it broke out 37 times, 0.9 times per years, Totally its frequency from the 1950s to the 1980s is somehow even, while it becomes more serious from the 1970s to the 1980s.Only inferior to typhoon , flood is a disaster with the second heaviest damage, which can be caused by continuous raining, storm (non-typhoon storm )and typhoon storm. The most frequent time is the 1980s.Although the disasters of cold, tide and other 4 types of disasters cause less damages, they were common too.Besides high frequency and many categories, the disasters of Hainan Island appears obviously seasonal, extremely in autumn and summer, which occupy more than 60%.In details, drought mostly break out in winter and spring while typhoon and flood mostly in summer and autumn. The characteristic of happening area is obvious as well. Drought is heaviest in west and south area along sea where appeared most of the heavy or middle-heavy dought in the history. Typhoon generally occurs in the arc, the circle center of which is Qiong Hai-Wen Chang. The heavy area of typhoon is east and north-east of the island, while south-west inner area and middle island are not so heavy. In Hainan Island, not only can one kind disaster break out many times in one year, meaning single happening serially but also many kinds of disasters can break out in one year forming plural happening serially. Both of them cause great damages such as lean or loss of crops production, destroy of life using equipments and hurting even death of people.Facing to great disasters, since the foundation of the PRC, in Hainan Island, all grades of government pay great attention to resisting and fighting against disasters, not only do they build essential basements such as the buildings and constructions of waters, nature protections and communication, but also whenever disasters break out make timely plan, collect materials and funds, and send experienced leaders or qualified ones to the disaster area, guiding work, arranging affected persons, organizing self-production and persuading all the powers of society to support the project of disasters, which eventually keeps the production of the disaster area in order, making sure the whole society develop healthily.