Research On Mural Tombs Of Yuan Dynasty In ShanDong Province

After the founding of our nation, many relatively concentrated mural tombs were found during the archaeological work in Shandong Province.. The main part of them were built by rich feudal landlords and businessmen,some of them can offer visual image information powerful evidence for us to study the social life ,clothing and people′s ideas in Yuan Dynasty,. As a part area of Yuan Dynasty, Shandong Province played an important historical role at that time. The most direct proof of Shandong's position in Yuan Dynasty is to study the tomb materials, especially the mural tombs. Based on the available materials, this paper has a new study of the mural graves.This paper is made up of five parts:Part One is about the characters and times of these mural tombs. These mural tombs are located by rule, the majority of them lie in Jinan, Zhangqiu and Zhibo, all of which were built in the middle or late Yuan Dynasty. And they are all house---liked constructions, some differences only lie in the building materials and the mural′s location. Through the analysis of these murals, on one hand ,we can see the local characters of them, on the other hand ,we can also know the relationship between Shandong and the areas around it.Part Two is about the analyses of these murals. It shows us the contents, layout and characters of these murals.Part Three is the typical analysis of mural on the entry doors to these tombs, the life of the tomb owners and the stories of filial piety. The murals on the entry doors in Shandong Province are alike to Neimenggu and Shanxi, however, the main difference lies in the realization to the murals on the entry doors. The most powerful proofs to show Shandong′s important role in Yuan Dynasty are the murals about the tomb owners′images and daily life. As for the murals about filial piety, this study shows that the murals about filial piety are not isolated by analyzing their emergence, development, gradually molding and stereotyping .Part Four is about the backgrounds of these mural tombs′coming into being. At first, this paper shows the ifluencing factors and the course of development of these mural tombs, meanwhile, showing their history reasons. Then this paper states the Historical inevitability from four aspects: social economy, Confucianism being changed into official study, religion and social customs.The last part is about the decline of these mural tombs. Just like mural tombs in other areas in China, these mural tombs gradually declined in the late period of Yuan Dynasty and exited the stage of history in early Ming Dynasty.