Study On Operational Mechanism For Bureaucracy Of The Nationalist Government Of Nanjing From 1927 To 1937

The theory of bureaucracy is a traditional subject of the research on administration. Weber's bureaucracy put forward the research and application to the extreme. Since the Opium War, the Western east, Weber's bureaucracy had a significant impact on the construction of administrative structures and norms in the Republic of China because western ideas were introduced to China gradually. Weber's bureaucracy were well applied during the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937, however only a few scholars at home and abroad involved in the research on operational mechanism of the bureaucracy at that time, and few scholars researched on the comparison of the bureaucracy between the Nanjing National Government and today. Based on three levels of the spirit of Web's bureaucracy——organizational structure, management and administrative culture, the operational mechanism of the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 is illustrated in this paper, and its success and failure is analyzed, so the paper provides references for the development of administrative reform in today's China.Based on the data collection, comprehensive study on relative literature, systematic analysis, comparison study and a research on relative theory at home and abroad, on the one hand, the operational mechanisms of the bureaucracy of the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 is researched by the spirit of Web's bureaucracy. On the other hand, the comparative analysis of China's administrative system between the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 and contemporary based on Riggs'administrative Ecology are carried out in order to design a win-win mode of operating mechanism of administrative reform in contemporary China.This paper is mainly divided into five parts:The comprehensive analysis on the theoretical research at home and abroad are carried out in first chapter, and the significance and innovation of this paper are also described. This chapter focuses on the concept and the methods and ideas of this paper. The idea is based on three levels of the spirit of Weber's bureaucracy to construct the main framework of this paper.Based on organizational structure, management and administrative culture of the spirit of Web's bureaucracy, the operational mechanisms of the bureaucracy of the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 are illustrated respectively from Chapter 2 to Chapter 4. In these chapters, the specific operational mechanisms at all levels are analyzed in order to explore the inherent characteristics and problems.Based on Riggs'administrative Ecology, the comparative analysis of China's administrative system between the Nanjing National Government from 1927 to 1937 and contemporary are carried out in Chapter 5.Then, the enlightenment is concluded for contemporary administrative reform of China, and a win-win mode of operating mechanism of administrative reform in contemporary China is designed.After our investigation was made, we believe that the institutionalization of the spirit of Web's bureaucracy in the western developed nations greatly promoted the development of administrative management. However, the inverse institutionalization in China led to the underdevelopment of China's administrative management. The institutionalization of the spirit of Web's bureaucracy was influenced by many factors, of which the social power system and the independence of social consensus were important powers. Social power system greatly promoted the development of administrative management from the macro level, while the independence of social consensus promoted the development of administrative management from the micro level. These two forces promoted and coordinated each other in constant interaction, and promoted the perfection of operational mechanism of administrative management. It is immutable fact that the institutionalization of the spirit of Web's bureaucracy in China was inverse compared with that of the western developed nations, however, if we can integrate the spirit of Web's bureaucracy with traditional Chinese culture, and construct administrative culture with Chinese characteristics, the diffusion effect of administrative functions by inverse institutionalization of the spirit of Web's bureaucracy in China is cleared up.