Study On The Development And Evolution Of The Western Bureaucracy Theory

The bureaucracy theory was set up since Marx Weber's foundational research. The Weber's bureaucracy is an "ideal" organization type. It put the efficiency as the core, and takes no account of the value and emotion factors through the rational organization structure design, put instrumental rationality to superior. This scientific method and the rational thought obtains the response of classical managerialism, through supplement by scientific and process management school, it was established the value trend of instrumental rationality in the organization management, and formed the logical system of bureaucracy theory. Since the beginning of bureaucracy theory founded, its encountered criticism and accusation from various aspects unceasingly. After proposing questions for complete rationality, pure instrumental rationality, and absolute obey, seeking to return to the market pushes the challenge and critique to the apex, and surmounting from pattern is to be desired.The bureaucracy theory discusses the organization structure and relation only from one side, it does not means the whole of studies on organization, the critique theory and bureaucracy makes equal to explore organization management. At present, the rational and science research pattern founded by Weber still play the role, even plays the leading role. In generally, the critics and the challenges are only restricted to survey and define several pairs of variables such as rationality and irrationality, instrumental rationality and value rationality, bureaucracy, democracy politic and market once more, therefore, all of these can only be regarded as revision and supplement for bureaucracy theory. The revision and supplement advanced the development and evolution of bureaucracy and the intrinsic mechanism of supporting development and evolution is the balance and coordination of these variables sought for. It is likely that the post modern words theory and the intercourse rationality will breakthrough bureaucracy rationality in a certain degree, but there is no possibility to substitute it completely.In the process of China modernization, it is inevitable to use bureaucracy rationality and governing by law to overcome the irrationality and governing by people of traditional society, and also is the un-escaped way to realize public administration by law. The more important thing is that the development process must rely on one kind of balance development mechanism. We pursue the rationality, but by no means absolute rationality, instrumental rationality, but the rationality which suit to politics and economic environment of China society, and along with condition of actual society development. To develop bureaucracy, and to transform from traditional bureaucracy to modern legal management, it should seek the balance and coordination among bureaucracy, democracy and market, thus can achieve the balance development among government, market, social autonomy organization and citizen.