The Study On The Institution Of The Villager Autonomy In The Context Of Socialist New Rural Construction In The Chinese Central Region

The Villager Autonomy, the coming of HeZhai Village in Guangxi Province in 1980, basically, is the inductive institutional change which is the result of the peasantry's need. It is supplemented each other with rural economic system innovation. In the past twenty years, the Villager Autonomy has been establishing a new governance type for Chinese village society and growing into an effective institutional pattern of harmonious development of the country. In the context of constructing Socialist New Village, the Villager Autonomy, without question, is the institutional supply which can be choice, is the intrinsic meanings of Socialist New Rural Construction, and are also its impetus. It can improve peasantry's master station and advance the construction of democracy at grass-roots level, harmonize social relationships among villages and towns and realize harmonious development of the country. Besides, the Villager Autonomy is the perfect mechanism of giving voice of peasants'demands, sets up the bridge between country and village, reduces the costs of management of the country, inspires peasants' enthusiasm and promotes development of rural economy. In conclusion, we can't establish Socialist New Rural without the Villager Autonomy, and the Villager Autonomy, no Socialist New Countryside.Based on the on-the-spot inquiry in twenty villages of C Town of Gushi County, located in HeNan, a province in Central China, this paper discovered that the Villager Autonomy, which has been surviving through rains and winds for twenty years, has obtained tremendous achievements, encouraged a larger proportion of peasants participated in democracy process, it also has improved villager' political cognitive ability, accelerated little by little the process of participant multiplication. These have built the solid foundation for Socialist New Rural Construction, But the Villager Autonomy is confronted with many difficulties, For example, unbalanced relationship between town and village, tense relationship among "two committees", the loss of village elites, the growing distrust in village cadres, and intervention from clan forces and so on. All these problems put a damper on the working of the Villager Autonomy. The author will use county-and-society relation theory, entrust-surrogate theory, game theory, the theory of path dependence of New Institution to analyze the causes attributed to these difficulties, and then provide some ways and outlets for effective working of Villager Autonomy. Firstly, the measures including amending concerning laws and rules, changing the functions of government, craving up functions of between town government and village committee, and that between committees should be put on effect. Secondly, we should create and perfect, make it maneuverable of, the institution of the Villager Autonomy with its core concept of "Four Democracy". Lastly, we also should seek out the working mechanism of institution, improve supervisory mechanism, foster actively new peasantry to improve their capacities to execute the institution.