| This paper studies the rural politics in Shandong from 1928 to 1949.lt will reveal the modern rural political changes and seek the law of its development through the research of Shandong. The reason to choose Shandong province as the object of study is that the KMT, the rural construction camp represented by Liang Shuming and the Communist Party of China take rural construction in Shandong during this period. A comparative study of the three on the issue of political construction has a strong representation .The political elite is the entry point to this study. In this paper, the rural political elite, shall mean the person responsible for rural management organizations, established in the political construction of their respective regions in which the KMT, the rural construction camp represented by Liang Shuming and the Chinese Communist Party faction. It is relying on the traditional rural political elites to manage in traditional Village Politic, and rural elite has always been existing as a bridge associating countries and the peasants. The role of the rural elite in the rural community has a close relationship with the state power on the pervasiveness of the rural community. At the same time, the choice of rural elite influences the political mobilization and the legitimacy of the political forces in the rural community. This article is to reveal different influence on China's rural remodeling political development of different villages elites remodeling mode , by researching the culture and management of the rural elite in the construction initiated by the KMT, the Rural Construction Group and the Communist Party of China .Through this study, we come to the following conclusions:First, the KMT made the knowledge and assets as the main criterion to choose political elite of villages. Since the founding of the Nationalist government in Nanjing, it gradually implemented a series of policies in rural management, and made villages further bureaucratic management system by the sinking of state power. It also paid attention to the knowledge and assets, providing the modern intellectual chances to access to the state administration. To a certain extent, it strengthened the gentry power and family power, bringing negative impact on the rural political modernization.Second, outstanding knowledge and ethics were the experiments taking in the rural construction campaign by the the rural construction camp. With the support of Han Fuju, Liang Shuming drainaged a campaign for rural community improvements in Zouping, Heze, and other cities in Shandong; established rural organizations named "unification of religion and politics"; made use of people who has knowledge, morality and village prestige. Although these measures were conducive to reducing rural construction resistance, but to a certain extent, it maintenanced the rural traditional order, resulting in the "so-called rural villages campaign but inactive" situation, the village improvement movement eventually failed.Third, Chinese Communist Party introduced the class's ideology in the process of rural political construction. Class components and revolutionary were the main criterion for the selection of village elite .It changed the relations between the state and the traditional rural power structure; completely broke down the traditional political structure of villages. It seized the majority of the rural poor who had the most revolutionary. Thereby it won the widespread support, and laid a solidfoundation for the final victory of the revolution.Modern political modernization in rural development process is a progress in which external leading and internal guiding is cinbined together. However, external forces are not the fundamental forces to promote political modernization of the rural. The power of the rural political modernization should come from inner. Therefore, the remodeling of the rural political elite become an important issues in the rural political transformation.
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