Research On Regional Equalization Of Basic Public Services

With China's sustained economic growth and social progress, more and more people demand higher standards of living. But the regional uneven economy development makes inter-regional gaps in government services greatly. In recent years, more and more basic issues about community of basic public services on the regional gap are discussed. Equalization of public services has become the focus of the Party and central government concerns. Regional balanced development of basic public services can effectively promote regional economic rapidly growth and healthy development and help to build a harmonious society. It also can deepen the concept of building a service-oriented government and promote changes into basic government functions. From the perspective of regional economics, we can thoroughly understand the phenomenon of regional difference of basic public services and solute regional balance of basic public services at the economic level. Based on this view, this article makes an analysis about basic public services among provinces and cities using the corresponding index system from the perspective of regional economics. We also depth discuss the reasons from measurement results and put forward countermeasures and suggestions to solve this problem.Part I: The concept of equalization of public services and basic theory. Make an Identification of public services and the concept of basic public services and their relationships, the concept of equalization and its realization and basic theory of public service. Basic public services are built on the basis of a certain social consensus, according to a country's economic and social development level, to maintain their social and economic stability, basic social justice and cohesion, protection of individual fundamental right to survival and development, the essential public services. Include basic education, public health, social security, infrastructure, public safety and so on. Equalization of basic public services is a relative. It based on the purpose of the principle of fairness, social justice and average. Control the gap between rich and poor and the government to provide basic public services under a reasonable range. To promote inter-regional, urban and rural areas, the economy and society on coordinated development, so that different sectors of society can own a broad fair benefit. Thus ensure a fair share about economic development result. Guarantee the basic rights of citizens in order to eliminate factors of disharmony. Theories about equalization of basic public services include Social welfare economics, theory of public goods, Pareto optimal theory and development, compensation principles and so on.Partâ…¡: Regional differences of basic public services. Make a quantitative analysis on basic public services level. This article selects 19 indicators of basic public services about 30 provinces from 2004 to 2008. From the time and space dimensions, we compare the level of basic public services among provinces and cities, and we also discuss about regional difference. Measurement results show that the: first, from2004 to 2008, the gap between the target province and the lowest province goes down a little. But the index in some years has increased evidently. Strongest and weakest areas shows gaps in the fluctuations, with the weakest provinces also show changes that local governments are in efforts to improve the supply of public services, showing an upward trend in overall level of China. Second, comparison of the coefficient of variation can be seen the national level has increased. Gap between different regions is gradually increased or increasing trend. This shows that inter-regional situation is unbalanced about Basic public services. Using more comprehensive indicators found that the highest-ranked mostly concentrated in the southeast coastal provinces and the provinces at the end of several mainly in the west. The results prove that the coastal cities along the coastal their basic public services is better than inland areas, to discover the difference about supplying of basic public services between Eastern, central, western and northeast regions. The eastern region is better than other regions. Northeast Region is close to central regions level of development, slightly better than the central region. Basic public services in the western region are the lowest in the country. Through the comparison in 5 years, this region gap tends to become widen.Partâ…¢: The causes of regional difference about the public services. Under second part of the measurement results, from the natural and geographical factors, economic development and financial system study the causes of differences. First, the natural and geographical factors leading to the gap between the economic based. Second, different levels of economic development. Uneven development about economy is the main reason for the uneven supply of basic public services. Regional economic development level and the supply of basic public services was positively related, and is be closer to per capita gross domestic product. Third, the financial system is imperfect. Includes tax system is unreasonable, the transfer payment system is flawed, irrational structure of fiscal expenditure, which points left after the tax reform and tax issues and government transfer payments, the Government of the rights of finance is not clear so all levels of government can dominate the financial and does not match the work to be done so.Part IV: Policies and proposals about implementation of basic public services to realize inter-regional equalization response. Reform of the basic government functions, improve the financial system. Improve evaluation and the supply mechanism. Make measures and suggestions which can achieve inter-regional. Establish a reasonable supervisory system and so on. This means that we should reform the basic functions of government type from Economic development-oriented government to service-oriented government. Improve the fiscal system, on taxes, transfer payments, rights of finance reform, etc. Reform of taxation, transfer payments, rights of finance, etc. To establish and improve basic public services and the performance evaluation index system mechanism referencing foreign experience. Explore Do main supply of basic public services market exploration and build diverse supply mechanism. Improve the supervision mechanism to ensure that previous work can be rules to follow.