The Analysis Of Citizens-partaking-pattern In Policy-making

The essence of public policy lies in"public", and there are so many questions, both in theory and in practice, about how to participate in the policy-making to ensure the fairness and justice of the public policy. Recently, with the development and improvement of citizens'partaking in the practice of public policy, and with the widespread application of various participating-patterns, there also emerge a lot of problems. One of the most important issues is how the staff at public management to ensure the representative role of the citizen, that is, the balance between public policy and efficiency of government management. Fairness and efficiency are always the important issue of public management, then, how do the citizens partake in the policy-making in proper order? And how does the public policy reflect the appeals and wills of citizens? All in all, the staff at public management would choose different patterns for citizens-partaking according to different situations.Citizens-partaking is not only an important goal of government reform, but also the power of government reshaping. Strengthening citizens-partaking and realizing administrative democratization is gradually becoming the trend of public management reform. Prime minister Wen Jiabao answered the journalist of Singapore Morning Paper: fairness and justice shines more brightly than the sun. So, to guarantee the fairness and justice we must let citizens to participate in political life. In modern society, the citizens-partaking is an important part of public life. Citizens-partaking not only gives the citizen chances to express interests in form and also ensures their rights to influence the quality of life. Citizens can enter into government policy making process only through various ways of citizens-partaking. From this point, the citizens-partaking pattern is a kind of political technology. It is no longer make the citizens-partaking stay in theoretical research, but has practical significance.This thesis will make an analysis on the success and failure of citizens-partaking- pattern in the process of policy-making in China, based on the relevant knowledge of Politics, Public Management, Policy and Public Administration and on the theories and thoughts of Good Governance, Citizens-Partaking and Decision Science. At the same time, the thesis puts forward the idea of optimizing structures in the citizens-partaking-patterns, of which the standard of should be fairness and efficiency, as well as scientificity. When we choose the patterns for citizens-partaking, we should take the optimized partaking-patterns into consideration, and also take account of the relevant factors. Furthermore, this thesis also brings forward the suggestions and measures to reinforce and improve citizens-partaking patterns in practice in order to achieve the optimization.In the first part of this thesis, it combs the related concepts and theories of citizens-partaking and discusses the related theories of citizens-partaking patterns. Focusing on the concept of citizens-partaking, it defines the citizens-partaking is refers to the individual citizen or organization participate in public policy making by certain means, directly or indirectly. It establishes the model of citizens-partaking,so we can have intuitionistic analysis citizens-partaking's influence factor, to participate in public policy formulation of influencing factors, participation mechanism and process.In the second part of this thesis, it analyzes the citizens-partaking patterns of public policy making both here and abroad and finds our deficiencies, putting forward feasible and reasonable comments and suggestions. Firstly, it discusses our country's citizens-partaking patterns in different periods and has a comparison. It focuses on the problem of our citizens-partaking's ineffectiveness. The problems are as follows: passive citizens-partaking patterns, lack of transparency, low quality of citizens-partaking patterns, insufficient consciousness of citizens-partaking. The reasons of citizens-partaking failure have six aspects: the contemporary Chinese elite decision-making model limits the scope of citizen participation, the problems related to the public, the low degree of citizens-partaking's institutionalization and legalization, the erroneous ideas of public governor, the ineffectiveness of citizens discourse power, the collective decision-making dilemmas affects the efficiency of citizens-partaking.The third part is based on the above discussion and analysis. It gives comments and suggestions on the development and improvement of our country's citizens-partaking in public policy making. First, in the choice citizens-partaking's patterns we need consider three standards: fairness, scientificity and efficiency, and then choose corresponding pattern according to the different stages of public policy making. On this premise, this paper puts forward that to develop and perfect the citizens-partaking's patterns in public policy making process, we should pay attention to the following points: perfecting the relevant laws and regulations to provide legal and institutional guarantee, cultivating the participated political culture to improve the citizen participation enthusiasm, establishing and perfecting scientific and democratic decision-making mechanism to eliminate citizen participation system obstacle, achieving the public participation in organization, overcoming the accompanying phenomenon in citizen participation processes. At last, it comes to a conclusion that the choice of citizens-partaking-patterns lies not in the form and procedure, but in the essence and value.