The Nanjing National Government Early Civil Service Examination System

National Government in 1928 set up the five branches of the government hospital system, to the Examination Yuan as one of the five branches. Civil Service Examination Yuan as test selection, direct authority to implement a modern sense of the civil service examination system. Civil service examination system as the political superstructure, the political system is an important part. Effectiveness of the implementation of its improvement of the quality of the overall civil service plays a key role in promoting economic and social development to provide a good foundation.The Nationalist Government to implement civil service examination system, led by the results of several reasons.1840 invasion of foreign capitalism, to 1928, the capitalist economy, ideology and culture in the wide dissemination and development of Chinese society. In order to meet the economic development and social division of labor, government management personnel need specialized guidance and management of the economy. Pass the test of expertise needed by the Government in line with the requirements of the times. Meanwhile, Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing National Government acts as the successor thinking, thinking of the civil service selection examinations is the main political and ideological Sun Yat-sen, in order to maintain its political legitimacy, the Nanjing government, whether true or false to be on the surface of succession Sun Zhongshan, thinking civil service examination. The voice of public opinion also hope the new national government in civil service appointments on a new way to create clean and the Government to promote the development of all sectors of society. For these several reasons, the Nanjing government in the civil service selection examinations taken a step in modernization.After the founding of National Government, National Government set up the Examination Yuan as an integral body responsible for the selection and role of the civil service. To make the civil service selection examinations according to the law to protect the smooth progress of the examination, candidates reflect fair competition, the Examination Yuan promulgated a series of laws and regulations concerning the examination. National Government enacted the laws and regulations of the examination can be said more merit of the civil service selection examination of every aspect of all that the laws are. Civil service examination system for selecting the degree of improve the legal system, the examination content of the right to independence and the modernization of test, proof of national importance the Government civil service examination. To ensure the smooth progress of the civil service exam, a secretariat under the Examination Yuan, Counsellor Office, Examination Committee, Board of Examiners, the Department of Civil Service and other agencies. The civil service selection examinations, these agencies must assume their responsibilities.National Government from 1927 to 1937 held five years of higher civil service examination, several common tests and special examinations. By civil service examination, the selection of the number of qualified civil servants to enter government for the high efficiency of government administration has laid a good foundation. Although the selection of the civil service examination the Examination Yuan has done a lot of effort, but the civil service exam and went to the government is still very limited. Because the National Government in Nanking in the Civil Service Employment Act, the role of civil servants there are many qualifications and conditions, the selection of qualified civil service examination appointments of civil servants is only one of the situations, with other appointments of civil servants eligible for any of the actual equipment because of favoritism the presence of pro-private sector is better than the civil service selection examinations. Modern civil service examination system implementation, was the distribution of organs to be resistance to the civil service examination system of selecting civil servants can not be well implemented. This makes sense with the modernization of the civil service examination system embarked on a formal way.Nanjing while the Government To ensure that a fair and impartial examinations carried out to develop a more complete set of laws and institutions, but the examination is in the corrupt conduct to occur. Members of supervision is to be the individual to participate in candidate to extend the time for Hsu, papers re-assessed after the opening of plus or minus scores, test employed in the never mistake a person were to national government civil service examination system implementation greatly reduced the modern color.The Nationalist Government to implement civil service examination system, is a kind of political reform, such reform consistent with the trend of historical development of society, but because the reform was the tenacious resistance of vested interests, the civil service examination system to be really difficult to implement. With the Nationalist government is built above the interests of big landlords and big bourgeoisie, the civil service examination system encountered resistance, it is difficult to punishment measures implemented. From the first pass of higher civil service examination and appointment of staff is a vision of the distribution of civil service selection examinations difficult to implement. The first officers passed the qualifying exam to be distributed by the resistance organizations, the National Government only issued on the matter in the form of "personnel distributed the first entrance instructions." But such instructions only in form, it violated the civil service appointment procedures for the authorities and individuals do not take substantial punishment.As the selection of the civil service exam is only one qualified as a civil service appointment, so there is the phenomenon of Examination out of touch with the appointment of the party governing the presence of color, between the interests of the various organs of struggle, the struggle between the KMT factions, to national government civil service Modernization of the examination system is greatly restricted, difficult to play its due effect.From the National Government appointment of civil servants and the specific implementation of view, it is not fully equipped modern civil service examination and appointment of the spiritual essence, but to some extent in some areas with some features of modern public service. "Civil Service Employment Act" has become a tool for the KMT bureaucratic service, it can be arbitrarily changed as the needs of private sector, with the man-law, a service for some people the law.