Research On Hierarchy And Convergence Of Shanghai Junior And Senior Biology Teaching Materials

With the rapid development of knowledge-based economy, the competition among countries, together with the competition among personnel and personnel training has become more and more keen. In order to meet the challenges, all countries put emphasis on basic education and general education, vigorously carrying out curriculum reform. When the curriculum implements is finally carried out into the textbook, the textbook reforms becomes one of the most essential factors. In order to make textbook become a contributing factor on teaching and improve the scientific literacy, it is necessary to give a deep comprehensive study and evaluation on it.The existing biology curriculum is divided into junior and senior middle school section. This study focus on the hierarchy and convergence of junior and senior middle school sections. It is the first study on the Shanghai Life Science, and forms a preliminary evaluation on teaching materials rational design through the Difficulty Model. In the comparison based on the textbook material content, the paper reveals convergence and hierarchy of content design, knowledge system. Combined with the cognitive characteristics of students, the paper proposed advice to improve the connection of the teaching materials.The conclusion is proved from three aspects:â‘ The research on Shanghai Life Science Curriculum Standard. Through the research, it is found that the curriculum standard has made an unified description on the nature, the status and the role of the course, the basic concept, the overall goal and placed a solid foundation for the integrity and consistency of curriculum. Requests have been made for the junior and senior middle school in three different aspects. Senior middle school students are required further development and improvement on the basis of junior middle school. The junior section is compiled around the theme of Human and Nature, mainly refer to Human and Health, Classes of life and Environment. The senior section is compiled around the Nature of Life Activities, mainly refer to Molecular and Cell, Metabolism and Regulation, Genetics and Evolution. Junior and senior section shows complementary trends on knowledge content. But certain convergence points can be found for the common connection between knowledge contents.â‘¡The research on content organization of textbooks. It shows the higher requirement on ability of reading, analysis and exploration for senior students, which considering the different cognitive characteristics of the students.â‘¢The research on breadth and depth of course content. It shows generally more difficult knowledge are covered by both Junior and senior section. The senior is much more difficult than the junior. The junior involves a much wider range than the senior. The junior focus on macro-knowledge, while the senior focus on micro-knowledge.Based on these studies, it also found that the design and convergence of junior and senior textbooks exists deficiencies, such as inappropriate main theme, inappropriate reading materials and exploring activities, inappropriate convergence. The paper also gives some advice and suggestions to solve these problems. First, it adds ecology and human health-related topics in senior textbooks to draw students' attention to their own health and the nature. Secondly, it pays more attention to learning activities such as reading materials and exploring activity. The learning activities should be designed according to the characteristics of middle school students. Thirdly, it designs the content covered in both junior and senior as a whole, to improve the convergence and hierarchy of the two sections.